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A Selective Bibliography:

Studies in Interlanguage Phonology

 

Abrahamsson, N.  (1997).  Vowel epenthesis of initial /sC(C)/ clusters in Spanish speakers� L1 and L2 production: Puzzle or evidence for Natural Phonology?  In J. Leather & A. James, (Eds.), New sounds 97: Proceedings of the Third International Symposium on the Acquisition of Second-Language Speech (pp. 8-17).  Klagenfurt, Austria: University of Klagenfurt.

**Abrahamsson, N. (1999). Vowel epenthesis of /sC(C)/ onsets in Spanish/Swedish interphonology:  A longitudinal study.  Language Learning, 49, 473-508.

Abrahamsson, N. (2001).  Acquiring L2 syllable margins.  Stockholm: Stockholm University.

**Abrahamsson, N. (2003a).  Development and recoverability of L2 codas:  A longitudinal study of Chinese-Swedish interphonology. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 25, 313-349. 

Abrahamsson, N. (2003b).  Universal constraints on L2 coda production:  The case of Chinese/Swedish interphonology.  In S. Giannini & L. Costamagna (Eds.), Interlanguage phonology: Strategies and tactics.  Milan, Italy:  Franco Angeli.

Adamson, H. D., & Regan, V. M.  (1991).  The acquisition of community speech norms by Asian immigrants learning English as a second language.  Studies  in Second Language Acquisition, 13, 1�-22.

Adjemian, C.  (1976).  On the nature of interlanguage systems.  Language Learning, 26, 297-320.

Altenberg, E., & Vago, R.  (1983).  Theoretical implications of an error analysis of second language phonology production.  Language Learning, 33, 427-447.

Andersen, R.  (1983).  Transfer to somewhere.  In S. M. Gass & L. Selinker (Eds.), Language transfer in language learning (pp.177-201).  Rowley, MA:  Newbury House.

**Anderson, J.  (1987).  The Markedness Differential Hypothesis and syllable structure difficulty. In G. Ioup & S. H. Weinberger (Eds.), Interlanguage phonology: The acquisition a second language sound system (pp. 279-291).  New York: Newbury House/Harper & Row.

Anderson-Hsieh, J., Johnson, R., & Koehler, K.  (1992).  The relationship between native speaker judgments of nonnative pronunciation and deviance in segmentals, prosody, and syllable structure. Language Learning, 42, 529-555.

Archibald, J.  (1992).  Transfer of L1 parameter settings: Some empirical evidence from Polish metrics. Canadian Journal of Linguistics / Revue canadienne de Linguistique, 37, 301-339.

Archibald, J.  (1993a).  Language learnability and L2 phonology: The acquisition of metrical parameters.  Dordrecht/Boston/London: Klewer Academic Publishers.

Archibald, J.  (1993b).  The learnability of English metrical parameters by Spanish speakers.  International Review of Applied Linguistics , 31, 129�141.

Archibald, J.  (1993c).  Metrical phonology and the acquisition of L2 stress.  In F. R. Eckman(Ed.), Confluence: Linguistics, L2 acquisition and speech pathology (pp. 37-48).  Amsterdam: Benjamins.

Archibald, J.  (1993d).  The learnability of English metrical parameters by adult Spanish speakers.  IRAL; 31, 129-142.

Archibald, J.  (1997a).  The acquisition of second language phrasal stress: A pilot study.  In S. J. Hannahs, & M. Scholten (Eds.), Focus on phonological acquisition (pp. 263-289).  Amsterdam: John Benjamins.

Archibald, J.  (1997b).  The acquisition of English stress by speakers of nonaccentual languages: Lexical storage versus computation of stress.  Linguistics, 35, 167-181.

Archibald, J.  (1998a).  Second language phonology.  Amsterdam/Philadelphia: Benjamins.

Archibald, J.  (1998b).  Second language phonology, phonetics, and typology. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 20, 189-211.

Archibald, J. (2002).  Parsing procedures and the question of full access in L2 phonology.  In A. James & J. Leather (Eds.), New Sounds 2000 (pp. 11-21).  Klagenfurt, Austria:  University of Klagenfurt.

Asher, J. & Garcia, R.  (1969).  The optimal age to learn a foreign language.  Modern Language Journal, 53, 334-341.

**Baptista, B. & da Silva Filho, J.  (1997).  The influence of markedness and syllable contact on the production of English final consonants by EFL learners. In J. Leather & A. James, (Eds.), New sounds 97: Proceedings of the Third International Symposium on the Acquisition of Second-Language Speech (pp. 26-34).  Klagenfurt, Austria: University of Klagenfurt.

Bayley, R., & Preston, D. R., (Eds.).  (1996).  Second language acquisition and linguistic variation.  Amsterdam: Benjamins.

Beebe, L. & Giles, H.  (1984).  Speech accommodation theory: A discussion in terms of second-language acquisition.  International Journal of the Sociology of Language 46, 5-32.

Beebe, L. M.  (1980).  Sociolinguistic variation and style shifting in second language acquisition.  Language Learning, 30, 433-447.

**Benson, B.  (1988).  Universal preference for the open syllable as an independent process in interlanguage phonology.  Language Learning, 38, 221-242.

Bilá, M.  (1997).  Durations of syllables and rhythm in oral production of Slovak teacher trainees.  In J. Leather & A. James, (Eds.), New sounds 97: Proceedings of the Third International Symposium on the Acquisition of Second-Language Speech (pp. 35-37).  Klagenfurt, Austria: University of Klagenfurt.

Bley-Vroman, R.  (1983).  The comparative fallacy in interlanguage studies: The case of systematicity.  Language Learning, 33, 1�17.

Bley-Vroman, R.  (1989). What is the logical problem of foreign language learning?  In S. Gass & J. Schachter (Eds.), Linguistic perspectives on second language acquisition (pp. 41-68).  Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Bley-Vroman, R.  (1990).  The logical problem of foreign language learning.  Linguistic Analysis, 20, 3-49.

Bley-Vroman, R., Felix, S. & Ioup, G.  (1988).  The accessibility of universal grammar in adult language learning.  Second Language Research, 4, 1-32.

Bohn, O.-S.  (1995).  Cross-language speech perception in adults: First language transfer doesn�t tell it all.  In W. Strange (Ed.), Speech perception and linguistic experience:  Issues in cross-linguistic research (pp. 279-303).  Timonium, MD: York Press, Inc.

Bohn, O.-S., & Flege, J. E.  (1990).  Interlingual identification and the role of Foreign language experience in L2 vowel perception. Applied Psycholinguistics11, 303-328.

Bohn, O.-S., & Flege, J. E.  (1993).  Perceptual switching in Spanish/English bilinguals.  Journal of Phonetics, 21, 267-290.

Bohn, O.-S., & Flege, J. E.  (1990).  Perception and production of a new vowel category by adult second language learners.  In J. Leather & A. James (Eds), New Sounds 90:  Proceedings of the Amsterdam Symposium on the Acquisition of Second-Langauge Speech (pp. 37-56). Amsterdam: University of Amsterdam.

Bohn, O.-S., & Flege, J. E. (1992). The production of new and similar vowels by adult German learners of English. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 14, 131�158.

Bongaerts, T., Planken, B., Schils, E.  (1995).  Can late starters attain a native accent in a foreign language? A test of the Critical Period Hypothesis.  In D. Singleton, & Z. Lengyel (Eds.),  The age factor in second language acquisition: A critical look at the critical period hypothesis (pp. 30-50).  Clevedon, England: Multilingual Matters.

Bongaerts. T., van Summeren, C., Planken, & Schils, E.  (1997).  Age and ultimate atttainment in the pronunciation of a foreign language.  Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 19, 447-465.

Borrell,A.  (1996).  Foreign learners' production and perception errors systematization; Systematisation des erreurs de production et donc de perception chez les apprenants etrangers?  Revue de Phonetique Appliquée, 118-119, 1-16.

Bri�re, E.  (1966).  An investigation of phonological interference.  Language, 42, 768-796.

Bri�re, E.  (1968).  A psycholinguistic study of phonological interference.  The Hague: Mouton.

Broselow, E.  (1983).  Non-obvious transfer: On predicting epenthesis errors.  In S. M. Gass & L. Selinker (Eds.), Language transfer in language learning (pp. 269-280).  Rowley, MA: Newbury House.

Broselow, E.  (1984).  An investigation of transfer in second language phonology.  International Review of Applied Linguistics , 22, 253-269.

Broselow, E., & Finer, D.  (1991).  Parameter setting in second language phonology and syntax.  Second Language Research, 7, 35-59.

Broselow, E., Chen, S-I, & Wang, C.  (1998).  The emergence of the unmarked in second language phonology.  Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 20, 261-280.

Broselow, E., Hurtig, R. R., & Ringen, C.  (1987).  In G. Ioup & S. H. Weinberger (Eds.), Interlanguage phonology: The acquisition a second language sound system (pp. 350-361).  New York: Newbury House/Harper & Row.

Caramazza, A., Yeni-Komshian, G. H., Zurif, E. B.,  & Carbone, E.  (1973)  The acquisition of a new phonological contrast: The case of stop consonants in French-English bilinguals.  Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 54, 421-28.

Carlisle, R. S.  (1986).  The Influence of markedness on epenthesis in Spanish/English interlanguage phonology. PALM, 2, 88-96.

Carlisle, R. S.  (1988).  The effect of markedness on epenthesis in Spanish/English interlanguage phonology. IDEAL, 3, 15�23.

Carlisle, R. S.  (1991a).  The influence of environment on vowel epenthesis in Spanish/English interphonology.  Applied Linguistics, 12, 76�95.

Carlisle, R. S.  (1991b).  The influence of syllable structure universals on the variability of interlanguage phonology.  In A. D. Volpe (Ed.), The seventeenth LACUS forum, 1990 (pp. 135-145).  Lake Bluff, IL: Linguistic Association of Canada and the United States.

Carlisle, R. S.  (1992).  Environment and markedness as interacting constraints on vowel epenthesis.  In J. Leather & A. James, (Eds.), New Sounds 92: Proceedings of  the Amsterdam Symposium on the Acquisition of  Second-Language Speech (pp. 64-75).  Amsterdam: University of Amsterdam.

Carlisle, R. S.  (1994).  Markedness and environment as internal constraints on the variability of interlanguage phonology.  In M. Yavas� (Ed.), First and second language phonology (pp. 223�249).  San Diego: Singular.

**Carlisle, R. S.  (1997).  The modification of onsets in a markedness relationship: Testing the Interlanguage Structural Conformity Hypothesis.  Language Learning, 47, 327-361.

**Carlisle, R. S.  (1998).  The acquisition of onsets in a markedness relationship: A longitudinal study. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 20, 245-260.

**Carlisle, R. S. (2001). Syllable structure universals and second language acquisition. International Journal of English Studies, 1 (1), 1-19.

Carlisle, R. S. (2002). The acquisition of two and three member onsets: Time III of a longitudinal study. In A. James & J. Leather (Eds.), New Sounds 2000 (pp.42-47). Klagenfurt, Austria:   University of Klagenfurt Press.

Cebrian, J.  (1997).  Markedness and prosodic domain in the transferability of voicing rules in Catalan-English interlanguage. In J. Leather & A. James, (Eds.), New sounds 97: Proceedings of the Third International Symposium on the Acquisition of Second-Language Speech (pp. 47-54).  Klagenfurt, Austria: University of Klagenfurt.

**Clements, G. (1990).  The role of the sonority cycle in core syllabification.  In J. Kingston & M. Beckman (Eds.), Papers in laboratory phonology I:  Between the grammar and physics of speech (pp. 283-333). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Clements, G. N., & Hume, E. V. (1995).  The internal organization of speech sounds.  In J. Goldsmith (Ed.), The handbook of phonological theory (pp. 245-306).  New York: Blackwell.

**Clements, G. N., & Keyser, S.  (1983).  CV phonology: A generative theory of the syllable.  Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

Collins, B. & Mees, I. M.  (1995).  Approaches to articulatory setting in foreign language teaching.  In Windsor Lewis, J.  (Ed.),  Studies in general and English phonetics: Essays in honour of Professor J. D. Connor (pp. 415-424).  London:  Routledge.

Corder, S. P.  (1967).  The significance of learner�s errors.  International Review of Applied Linguistics, 5, 161-170.

Corder, S. P.  (1971).  Idiosyncratic dialects and error analysis. International Review of Applied Linguistics, 9, 147-159.

Cruz-Ferreira, M.  (1987).  Non-native interpretive strategies for intonational meaning: An experimental study. In A. James & J. Leather (Eds.), Sound patterns in second language acquisition (pp. 103-120).  Dordrecht: Foris.

Dalton-Puffer, C. et al.  (1997). Learner attitudes and L2 pronunciation in Austria. World Englishes, 16, 115-128.

Davidson, L. (2002).  The effects of hidden rankings on the acquisition of consonant clusters. In A. James & J. Leather (Eds.), New Sounds 2000 (pp. 87-96).  Klagenfurt, Austria:  University of Klagenfurt.

De Bot, K.  (1994).  The transfer of intonation and the missing data base.  In E. Kellerman, & M. Sharwood Smith (Eds.),  Crosslinguistic influence in second language acquisition.  Elmsford, NY: Pergamon Press, Inc.

Delamere.  T.  (1996).  The importance of interlanguage errors with respect to stereotyping by native speakers in their judgements of second language learners' performance.  System, 24, 279-297.

Derwing, T., & Munro, M. J.  (1997).  Accent, intelligibility, and comprehensibility: Evidence from four L1s. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 19, 1-16.

Dickerson, L. B.  (1975).  The learner�s interlanguage as a system of variable rules.  TESOL Quarterly, 9, 401-407.

Dickerson, L. B.,  & Dickerson, W. B. .  (1977).  Interlanguage phonology: current research and future directions.  In S. P. Corder  E. Roulet (Eds.), Actes du 5ème colloque de linguistique appiliquée de (pp. 18-29).  Neuch�tel: Facult� de Lettres.

Dickerson, W. B.  (1976).  The psycholinguistic unity of language learning and language change.  Language Learning, 26, 215-231.

Dickerson, W. B.  (1977).  Language variation in applied linguistics.  ITL Review of Applied Linguistics, 35, 43-66.

Dreasher, L. M., & Anderson-Hsieh, J. (1990).  Universals in interlanguage phonology:  The case of Brazilian ESL learners.  Papers and Studies in Contrastive Linguistics, 26, 69-92.

Dziubalska-Kolaczyk, K. (2002).  On consonant clusters in a second language. In A. James & J. Leather (Eds.), New Sounds 2000 (pp. 107-121).  Klagenfurt, Austria:  University of Klagenfurt.

**Eckman, F. R.  (1977).   Markedness and the contrastive analysis hypothesis. Language  Learning, 27, 315�330.

Eckman, F. R.  (1981).  On predicting phonological difficulty in second language acquisition.  Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 4, 18�30.

Eckman, F. R.  (1984).  Universals, typologies and interlanguage.  In W. Rutherford (Ed.), Language universals and second language acquisition (pp. 79-105).  Amsterdam:  John Benjamins.

Eckman, F. R.  (1985).  Some theoretical and pedagogical implications of the Markedness Differential Hypothesis.  Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 7, 289�307.

Eckman, F. R.  (1987).  The reduction of word-final consonant clusters in interlanguage.  In A. James & J. Leather (Eds.), Sound patterns in second language acquisition (pp. 143-162). Providence, RI: Foris Publications.

**Eckman, F. R.  (1991).  The Structural Conformity Hypothesis and the acquisition of consonant clusters in the interlanguage of ESL learners.  Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 13, 23-41.

Eckman, F. R.  (1994).  The competence-performance issue in second-language acquisition theory: A debate.  In E. Tarone, S. Gass, & A. Cohen (Eds.), Research methodology in second language acquisition (pp. 3-15). Hillsdale, NJ:  Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

**Eckman, F., Elreyes, A., & Iverson, G. (2003).  Some principles of second language phonology.  Second Language Research, 19, 169-208.

**Eckman, F. R., & Iverson, G. K.  (1993).  Sonority and markedness among onset clusters in the interlanguage of ESL learners.  Second Language Research, 9, 234-252.

**Eckman, F. R., & Iverson, G. K.  (1994).  Pronunciation difficulties in ESL: Coda consonants in English interlanguage.  In M. Yavas (Ed.), First and second language phonology (pp. 251-265).  San Diego, CA: Singular Publishing Group.

Eckman, F. R., & Iverson, G. K.  (1997).  Structure preservation in interlanguage phonology.  In S. J. Hannahs, & M. Scholten (Eds.), Focus on phonological acquisition (pp. 183-207).  Amsterdam: John Benjamins.

Eddington,  D. (1992). Word-medial epenthesis in Spanish: A lexical phonological approach. Southwest Journal of Linguistics, 11, 14-28.

Edge, B. A.  (1991).  The production of word-final voiced obstruents in English by L1 speakers of Japanese and Cantonese.  Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 13, 377-393.

Elliott, A. R.  (1995).  Foreign language phonology: Field independence attitude, and the success of formal instruction in Spanish pronunciation.  Modern Language Journal, 79, 530-542.

Ellis, N. C.  (1996).  Sequencing in SLA: Phonological memory, chunking, and points of order.  Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 18, 91�126.

Eviatar, Z., Leikin, M., & Ibrahim, R.  (1999).  Phonological processing of second language phonemes: A selective deficit in a bilingual aphasic. Language Learning, 49, 121-141.

Flege, J. E.  (1987a).  A critical period for learning to pronounce foreign languages.  Applied Linguistics, 8, 162-177.

Flege, J. E.  (1987b).  Effects of equivalence classification on the production of foreign language speech sounds.  In A. James & J. Leather (Eds.), Sound patterns in second language acquisition (pp. 9-39).  Dordrecht: Foris.

Flege, J. E.  (1988a).  Factors affecting degree of perceived foreign accent in English sentences.  Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 84, 70-79.

Flege, J. E.  (1988b).  The production and perception of foreign language speech sounds.  In H. Winitz (Ed.), Human communication and its disorders (pp. 224-401).  Norwood, NJ: Ablex.

Flege, J. E.  (1990).  English vowel production by Dutch talkers: More evidence for the "similar" vs. "new" distinction.  In J. Leather & A. James (Eds.), New sounds 90:  Proceedings of the Amsterdam Symposium on the Acquisition of Second-Language Speech (pp. 255-293).  Amsterdam:   University of Amsterdam.

Flege, J. E.  (1991).  Age of learning affects the authenticity of voice onset time (VOT) in stop consonants produced in a second language.  Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 89, 395-411.

Flege, J. E.  (1992).  The intelligibility of English vowels spoken by British and Dutch talkers. In R. D. Kent (Ed.), Intelligibility in speech disorders: Theory, measurement, and management (Vol. 1, pp. 157-232).  Philadelphia: John Benjamins.

Flege, J. E.  (1993).  Production and perception of a novel, second language phonetic contrast.  Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 93, 1589-1608.

Flege, J. E.  (1995).  Second language speech learning: Theory, findings, and problems. In W. Strange (Ed.), Speech perception and linguistic experience:  Issues in cross-linguistic research (pp. 233-277).  Timonium, MD: York Press, Inc.

Flege, J. E. (1987b).  The production of �new� and �similar� phones in a foreign language: Evidence for the effect of equivalence classification.  Journal of Phonetics, 15, 47�65.

Flege, J. E., Bohn,  O.-S., & Jang, S.  (1997). Effects of experience on non-native speakers' production and perception of English vowels.  Journal of Phonetics, 25, 437-470.

Flege, J. E., & Davidian, R.  (1984).  Transfer and developmental processes in adult foreign language speech production.  Applied Psycholinguistics, 5, 323-347.

Flege, J. E.,  Frieda, E. M., & Nozawa, T.  (1997).  Amount of native language (L1) use affects the pronunciation of an L2.  Journal of Phonetics, 25, 2, 169-186.

Flege, J. E., Frieda E. M., Walley, A. C. & Randazza, L. A.  (1998).  Lexical factors and segmental accuracy in second language speech production. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 20, 155-187.

Flege, J. E., Munro, M. J., & Fox, R. A.  (1994).  Auditory and categorical effects on cross language vowel perception.  Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 95, 3623-3641.

Flege, J. E., Munro, M. J. & MacKay, I. R. (1995).  Effects of age of second language learning on the production of English consonants.  Speech Communication, 16, 1-26.

Flege, J. E., Takagi, N, & Mann, V.  (1996).  Lexical familiarity and English-language experience affect Japanese adults' perception of /r/ and /l/.  Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 99, 1161-1173.

Flores, B. C.  (1993). On the acquisition of English rhythm: Theoretical and practical issues. Lenguas Modernas, 20, 151-164.

Flores, B., & Rodrigues, X.  (1994).  The influence of language transfer on consonant cluster production.  Revista de Filologia y Linguistica de la Universidad de Costa Rica, 20, 99-112.

Gass, S. & Varonis, E.  (1984).  The effect on familiarity on the comprehensibility on nonnative speech.  Language Learning, 34, 65-89.

Gass, S. M., & Selinker, L.  (1994).  Second language acquisition:  An introductory course.  Hillsdale, NJ:  Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Gass, S. M., & Selinker, L. (Eds.).  (1983).  Language transfer in language learning.  Rowley, MA:  Newbury House.

Gatbonton, E.  (1978).  Patterned phonetic variability in  second-language speech:  A gradual diffusion model.  Canadian Modern Language Review, 34, 335-347.

Giannini, S., & Costamagma, L.  (1997).  Language learning strategies in interlanguage phonology of Italian as L2.  A case history: The acquisition of consonant length. In J. Leather & A. James, (Eds.), New sounds 97: Proceedings of the Third International Symposium on the Acquisition of Second-Language Speech (pp. 96-103).  Klagenfurt, Austria: University of Klagenfurt.

**Greenberg, J.  (1978).  Some generalizations concerning initial and final consonant clusters.  In J. Greenberg, C. Ferguson, & E. Moravcsik (Eds.), Universals of human language, Vol. 2 (pp. 243-279).  Stanford, CA:  Stanford University Press.

Gutierrez-Diaz, F. (2001). The acquisition of English syllable timing by native Spanish speakers learners of English.  An empirical study.  International Journal of English Studies, 1, (1),  93-113.

Hammarberg, B.  (1993).  The course of development in second language phonology acquisition: A natural path or strategic choice?  In K. Hyltenstam &  A. Viberg (Eds.), Progression and regression in language: Sociocultural, neuropsychological, and linguistic perspectives (pp. 439-462).  Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Hammarberg, B.  (1997).  Conditions on transfer in second language phonology acquisition.  In J. Leather & A. James (Eds.), Second language speech:  Structure and process (pp. 161-180). Berlin: Mouton de Gruter.

Hancin-Bhatt, B.  (1994).  Segment Transfer: A consequence of a dynamic system.  Second Language Research, 10, 241-269.

**Hancin-Bhatt, B. (2000).  Optimality in a second language phonology: codas in Thai ESL.  Second Language Research, 16, 201-232.

Hancin-Bhatt, B. & Bhatt, R. M.  (1997).  Optimal L2 syllables: Interactions of transfer and developmental effects. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 19, 331-378.

**Hansen, J. G. (2001).  Linguistic constraints on the acquisition of English syllable codas by native speakers of  Mandarin Chinese.  Applied Linguistics, 22, 338-365.

**Hansen, J. G. (2004). Developmental sequences in the acquisition of English L2 syllable codas: A preliminary study. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 26, 85-124.

Harris, J. (1983). Syllable structure and stress in Spanish:  A non-linear analysis. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.

Hawkins, R. (2001). The theoretical significance of Universal Grammar in second language acquisition. Second Language Research, 17, 345-367.

Hecht, B., & Mulford, R.  (1982).  The acquisition of a second-language phonology:  Interaction of transfer and developmental factors.  Applied Psycholinguistics, 3, 313-328.

**Hodne, B.  (1985).  Yet another look at interlanguage phonology:  The modification of English syllable structure by native speakers of Polish.  Language Learning, 35, 405-422.

Hodson, B. W., & Edwards, M. L.  (1997).  Perspectives in applied phonology . Gaithersburg, MD: Aspen Publishers.

Huebner, T.  (1991).  Second language acquisition: Litmus test for linguistic theory? In T. Huebner, & C. Ferguson (Eds.), Crosscurrents in second language acquisition and linguistic theories (pp. 3-22).  Amsterdam & Philadelphia: Benjamins.

Hyltenstam, K., & Viberg, A.  (Eds).  (1993).  Progression and regression in language: Sociocultural, neuropsychological, and linguistic perspectives.  Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Ioup, G., Boustangui, E., El Tigi, M., & Moselle, M.  (1994).  Reexamining the critical period hypothesis: A case study of successful adult SLA in a naturalistic environment.  Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 16, 73�98.

James, A. R.  (1986).  Suprasegmental phonology and segmental forms. T�bingen: M. Niemeyer.

James, A. R. (1988).  The acquisition of a second language phonology : A linguistic theory of developing sound structures.  T�bingen, Germany:  Gunter Narr Verlag T�bingen.

James, A. R.  (1996).  Second language phonology.  In Jordens, P., & Lalleman, J. (Eds.), Investigating second language acquisition (pp. 293-320).  Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.

Johansson, F. A.  (1973).  Immigrant Swedish phonology.  Lund, Sweden: Gleerup.

Juffs, A.  (1990). Tone, syllable structure and interlanguage phonology: Chinese learners' stress errors.  International Review of Applied Linguistics , 28, 99-117.

Kaltenbacher, E.  (1997).  German speech rhythm in L2 acquisition.   In J. Leather & A. James, (Eds.), New sounds 97: Proceedings of the Third International Symposium on the Acquisition of Second-Language Speech (pp. 158-166).  Klagenfurt, Austria: University of Klagenfurt.

Kassai, I.  (1990).  Socio-Psycholinguistic notes on foreign accent.  Acta Linguistica Hungarica, 40, 383-400.

Kellerman, E., & Sharwood Smith, M. (Eds.).   (1986).  Cross-linguistic influence in second language acquisition. New York:  Pergamon Press.

Komar, S.  (1997).  Perception and production of the fall-rise tone by Slovene students of English.  In J. Leather & A. James, (Eds.), New sounds 97: Proceedings of the Third International Symposium on the Acquisition of Second-Language Speech (pp. 176-185).  Klagenfurt, Austria: University of Klagenfurt.

Koster, C. J. & Koet, T.  (1993).  The evaluation of accent in the English of Dutchmen. Language Learning, 43, 69-92.

Krashen, S.  (1973).  Lateralization, language learning, and the critical period: Some new evidence.  Language Learning, 27, 93-107.

Lamendella, J.  (1977).  General principles of neurofunctional organization and their manifestation in primary and non-primary language acquisition.  Language Learning, 27,155-196.

Lakshmanan, U., & Selinker, L. (2001). Analyzing interlanguage: How we know what learners know. Second Language Research, 17, 393-420.

Leather, J.  (1983).  Speaker normalization in perception of lexical tone.  Journal of Phonetics, 11, 373-382.

Leather, J.  (1987).  F0 pattern inference in the perceptual acquisition of second language tone.  In A. James, & J. Leather (Eds),  Sound patterns in second language acquisition (pp. 59-80).  Dordrecht : Foris.

Leather, J.  (1991).  Interrelation of perception and production in initial learning of second-language lexical tone.  In Actes du XIIème Congrès International des Sciences Phonétiques (Vol 5, pp. 138-141).  Aix-en-Provence: Université de Provence.

Leather, J.  (1997).  Interrelation of perceptual and productive learning in the initial acquisition of second-language tone.  In A. James, & J. Leather (Eds.),  Second language speech: Structure and process (pp. 75-101).  Berlin/New York: Mouton de Gruter.

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Leather, J., & James, A.  (1996).  Second language speech.  In W. C. Ritchie, & T. K. Bhatia (Eds.), Handbook of second language acquisition (pp. 269-316).  San Diego: Academic Press.

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Major, R. C.  (1987b). A model for interlanguage phonology.  In G. Ioup & S. H. Weinberger (Eds.), Interlanguage phonology: The acquisition a second language sound system (pp. 101�125).  New York: Newbury House/Harper & Row.

Major, R. C.  (1987c).  The natural phonology of second language acquisition. In A. James & J. Leather (Eds.), Sound patterns in second language acquisition (pp. 207-224).  Dordrecht: Foris.

Major, R. C.  (1990).  Phonological universals in second language variation.  1990.  In H. Burmeister, & P. Rounds (Eds.), Proceedings of  the tenth meeting of the  Second Language Research Forum (pp. 473-488).  Eugene, OR: University of Oregon.

Major, R. C.  (1993).  Sociolinguistic factors in loss and acquisition of phonology.  In K. Hyltenstam &  A. Viberg (Eds.), Progression and regression in language: Sociocultural, neuropsychological, and linguistic perspectives (pp. 463-478).  Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Major, R. C.  (1994).  Chronological and stylistic aspects of second language acquisition of consonant clusters.  Language Learning, 44, 655-680.

Major, R. C.  (1995).  Native and nonnative phonological representations.  International Review of Applied Linguistics in Language Learning, 33, 143-161.

**Major, R. C.  (1996a).  Markedness in second language acquisition of consonant clusters.  In D. R. Preston & R. Bayley (Eds.), Variation Linguistics and Second Language Acquisition (pp. 75-96).  Amsterdam: Benjamins.

Major, R. (1996b). The similarity dissimilarity rate hypothesis and phonological acquisition of Korean speakers of English. Language Learning, 46, 465-496.

Major, R. C.  (1997a).  L2 acquisition, L1 loss and the Critical Period Hypothesis.  In A. James, & J. Leather (Eds.),  Second language speech: Structure and process (pp. 147-159).  Berlin/New York: Mouton de Gruter.

Major, R. C.  (1997b).  Further evidence for the Similarity Dissimilarity Rate Hypothesis. In J. Leather & A. James, (Eds.), New sounds 97: Proceedings of the Third International Symposium on the Acquisition of Second-Language Speech (pp. 215-222).  Klagenfurt, Austria: University of Klagenfurt.

Major, R. C.  (1998).  Interlanguage phonetics and phonology: An introduction. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 20, 131-137.

Major, R. C., & Faudree, M. C.  (1996).  Markedness universals and the acquisition of voicing contrasts in Korean speakers of English.  Studies in Second Language Acquisition,18, 69-90.

Major, R. C., & Kim, E.  (1996).  The Similarity Differential Rate Hypothesis.  Language Learning  46,  465-496.

Major, R. (2001).  Foreign Accent:  The Ontogeny and Phylogeny of Second Language Phonology.  Mahwah, NJ:  Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. 

Major, R. (2002).  The ontogeny and phylogeny of second language phonology. In A. James & J. Leather (Eds.), New Sounds 2000 (pp. 223-230).  Klagenfurt, Austria:  University of Klagenfurt.

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Munro, M. J., & Derwing, T.  (1995a).  Foreign accent, comprehensibility, and intelligibility in the speech of second language learners.  Language Learning, 45, 173-97.

Munro, M. J. & Derwing, T.  (1995b).  Processing time, accent, and comprehensibility in the perception of native and foreign-accented speech.  Language and Speech, 38, 289-306.

Munro, M. J., & Derwing, T.  (1998).  The effects of speaking rate on listener evaluation of native and foreign accented-speech.  Language Learning, 48, 159-182.

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Nemser, W.  (1971a).  Approximative systems of foreign learners. International Review of Applied Linguistics, 9, 115-124.

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Riney, T. & Takagi, N.  (1999).  Global foreign accent and voice onset time in Japanese EFL learners.  Language Learning, 49, 275-302.

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**Sato, C.  (1984).  Phonological processes in second language acquisition: Another look at interlanguage syllable structure.  Language Learning, 34, 43-57

Sato, C. J.  (1985).  Task variation in interlanguage phonology.  In S. M. Gass & C. G. Madden (Eds.), Input in second language acquisition (pp. 181-196).  Rowley, MA: Newbury House.

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Tahta, S., Wood, M., & Loewenthal, K.  (1981b).  Foreign accents: Factors relating to transfer of accent from the first language to a second language.  Language and Speech, 24, 265-272.

**Tarone, E. (1980). Some influences on the syllable structure of interlanguage phonology. International Review of Applied Linguistics, 18, 139-152.

Tarone, E.  (1982).  Systematicity and attention in interlanguage.  Language Learning, 29, 181-191.

Tarone, E.  (1983).  On the variability of interlanguage systems.  Applied Linguistics, 4, 142-164.

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**Tropf, H. (1987). Sonority as a variability factor in second language phonology. In A. James & J. Leather (Eds.), Sound patterns in second language acquisition (pp. 173-191). Providence, RI: Foris Publications.

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**Weinberger, S. H.  (1987).  The influence of linguistic context on syllable simplification. In G. Ioup & S. H. Weinberger (Eds.), Interlanguage phonology: The acquisition a second language sound system (pp. 401-417).  New York: Newbury House/Harper & Row.

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The items above marked with '**' are especially for the section on syllable structure universals.

Syllabus for seminar