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A Select Bibiography
on Interlanguage Phonology

Complied by
Dr. Robert S. Carlisle


Abraham, R. (1984). Patterns in the use of the present tense third person -s by university-level ESL speakers.
TESOL Quarterly, 18, 55-69.
Abraham, R. (1985). The author responds....TESOL Quarterly, 19, 173-178.
Altenberg, E., & Vago, R. (1983). Theoretical implications of an error analysis of second language phonology
production. Language Learning, 33, 427-448. (Also in Ioup & Weinberger).
Anderson, J. (1987). The markedness differential hypothesis and syllable structure difficulty. In G. Ioup &
S. Weinberger (Eds.), Interlanguage phonology: The acquisition of a second language sound system (pp.279-291). Cambridge, MA: Newbury House.
Anderson-Hsieh, J. & Venkatagiri, H. (1994). Syllable duration and pausing in the speech of chinese ESL
speakers. TESOL Quarterly, 28, 807-812.
Archibald, J. (1997). The acquistion of second language phrasal stress: a pilot
study. In S. J. Hannahs & Martha Young-Scholten (Eds.) Focus on phonological acquisition (pp. 263-289). Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company.
Battistella, E. (1990). Markedness: The evaluative superstructure of language. Albany:
The State University of New York Press.
Beebe, L. (1977a). The influence of the listener on code-switching. Language Learning, 27,
331-339.
Beebe, L. (1977b). Dialect code-switching of bilingual children in their second language. CUNY
Forum, 3, 141-158.
Beebe, L. (1980). Sociolinguistic variation and style shifting in second language acquisition. Language
Learning, 30, 433-447. (Also in Ioup & Weinberger).
Beebe, L. (1984). Myths about interlanguage phonology. In S. Eliasson (ed.), Theoretical issues in
contrastive phonology (pp. 51-62). Heidelberg: Julius Groos Verlag. (Also in Ioup & Weinberger).
Benson, B. (1986). The markedness differential hypothesis: Implications for Vietnamese speakers of
English. In F. Eckman, E. Moravcsik, & J. Wirth (Eds.), Markedness (pp. 271-289). New York: Plenum Press.
Benson, B. (1988). Universal preference for the open syllable as an independent process in interlanguage
phonology. Language Learning, 38, 221-242.
Bohn, O., & Flege, J. E. (1992). The production of new and similar vowels by adult German learners of
English. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 14, 131-158.
Briere, E. (1967). Phonological testing reconsidered. Language Learning, 17, 163-171.
Briere, E. (1968). A psycholinguistic study of phonological interference. The Hague: Mouton.
Broselow, E. (1983). Non-obvious transfer: on predicting epenthesis errors. In S. Gass & L.
Selinker (Eds.), Language transfer in language learning (pp. 269-280). Rowley, MA; Newbury House. (Also in Ioup & Weinberger).
Broselow, E. (1984). An investigation of transfer in second language phonology. International Review
of Applied Linguistics, 22, 253-269. (Also in Ioup & Weinberger).
Broselow, E., & Finer, D. (1991). Parameter setting in second language phonology and syntax. Second
Language Research, 7, 35-59.
Broselow. E., Hurtig, R., & Ringen, C. (1987). The perception of second language prosody. In G. Ioup
& S. Weinberger (Eds.), Interlanguage phonology: The acquisition of a second language sound system (pp. 350-361). Cambridge, MA: Newbury House.
Brutten, S., Mouw, J., & Perkins, K. (1986). The effects of language group, proficiency level, and
instruction on ESL subjects' control of the {D} and {Z} morphemes. TESOL Quarterly, 20, 553-559.
Cairns, C. and Feinstein, M. (1982). Markedness and the theory of syllable structure. Linguistic
Inquiry, 13, 193-225.
Carlisle, R. (1988). The effect of markedness on epenthesis in Spanish/English interlanguage phonology.
Issues and Developments in English and Applied Linguistics, 3, 15-23.
Carlisle, R. (1991). The influence of environment on epenthesis in Spanish/English interphonology.
Applied Linguistics, 12, 76-95.
Carlisle, R. (1991). The influence of syllable structure universals on the variability of interlanguage
phonology. In A. D. Volpe (Ed.), The Seventeenth LACUS Forum 1990 (pp. 135-145). Lake Bluff, IL: LACUS.
Carlisle, R. (1992). Environment and Markedness as interacting constraints on vowel epenthesis. In J.
Leather, & A. James (Eds.), New Sounds 92 (pp. 64-75). Amsterdam: University of Amsterdam Press.
Carlisle, R. (1994). Markedness and environment as internal constraints on the variability of interlanguage
phonology. In M. Yavas (Ed.), First and Second Language Phonology (pp. 223-249). San Diego: Singular Publishing Company.
Carlisle, R. (1997). The modification of onsets in a markedness relationship: Testing the interlanguage
structural conformity hypothesis. Language Learning, 47, 327-361.
Carlisle, R. (1998). The acquisition of onsets in a markedness relationship: A longitudinal study.
Studies in second language acquisition, 20, 245-260.
Cartier, F. (1987). Comments on Martha C. Pennington and Jack C. Richard's "Pronunciation revisited":
A reader reacts....Whassa mispronunciation? TESOL Quarterly, 21, 157-158.
Clements, G. and Keyser, S. (1983). CV Phonology: A Generative Theory of the Syllable. Cambridge
MA: The MIT Press.
Comrie, B. (1984). Why linguists need language acquirers. In W. Rutherford (Ed.), Language
universals and second language acquisition (pp. 11-29). Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company.
Comrie, B. (1989). Language universals and linguistic typology (2nd ed.). Chicago:
University of Chicago Press.
Comrie, B. (1990). Second language acquisition and language universals research. Studies in
Second Language Acquisition, 12, 209-218.
Cruz-Ferreira, M. (1987). Non-native interpretive strategies for intonational meaning: An
experimental study. In A. James & J. Leather (Eds.), Sound patterns in second language acquisition (pp. 103-120). Providence, RI: Foris Publications.
Dechert, H., & Raupach, M. (1987). Prosodic patterns of proceduralized speech in second and first
language narratives. In A. James & J. Leather (Eds.), Sound patterns in second language acquisition (pp. 81-102). Providence, RI: Foris Publications.
Dickerson, L. (1975). The learner's interlanguage as a system of variable rules. TESOL
Quarterly, 9, 401-407.
Dickerson, L. and W. (1977). Interlanguage phonology: current research and future directions. In S. P.
Corder and E. Roulet (Eds.), Interlanguages and pidgins and their relationship to second language pedagogy. Neufchatel: Libraire Droz.
Dickerson, W. (1976). The psycholinguistic unity of language learning and language change.
Language Learning, 26, 215-231. (Also in Ioup & Weinberger).
Dickerson, W. (1987). Explicit rules and the developing interlanguage phonology. In A. James & J. Leather
(Eds.), Sound patterns in second language acquisition (pp. 121-140). Providence, RI: Foris Publications.
Dziubalska-Kolaczyk, K. (1987). Phonological rule typology and second language acquisition. In
A. James & J. Leather (Eds.), Sound patterns in second language acquisition (pp. 193-205). Providence, RI: Foris Publications.
Eckman, F. (1977). Markedness and the contrastive analysis hypothesis. Language
Learning, 27, 315-330. (Also in Ioup & Weinberger).
Eckman, F. (1981). On the naturalness of interlanguage phonological rules. Language
Learning, 31, 195-216. (Also in Ioup & Weinberger).
Eckman, F. (1981). On predicting phonological difficulty in second language acquisition.
Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 4, 18-30.
Eckman, F. (1985). Some theoretical and pedagogical implications of the markedness
differential hypothesis. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 7, 289-307.
Eckman, F. (1987). The reduction of word-final consonant clusters in interlanguage.
In A. James & J. Leather (Eds.), Sound patterns in second language acquisition (pp. 143-162). Providence, RI: Foris Publications.
Eckman, F. (1991). The structural conformity hypothesis and the acquisition of consonant
clusters in the interlanguage of ESL learners. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 13, 23-41.
Eckman, F., & Iverson, G. (1993). Sonority and markedness among onset clusters in the interlanguage
of ESL learners. Second Language Research, 9, 234-252.
Eckman, F. (1997). Structure preservation in interlanguage phonology. In S.J.
Hannahs & Martha Young-Scholten (Eds.) Focus on phonological acquisition (pp. 184-207). Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company.
Eddington, D. (1992). Word-medial epenthesis in Spanish: A lexical phonological approach.
Southwest Journal of Linguistics, 11, 14-28.
Edge, B. (1991). The production of word-final voiced obstruents in English by L1 speakers of
Japanese and Cantonese. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 13, 377-393.
Eliasson, S. (1982). Transfer as evidence for phonological solutions. Studia Anglica
Posnaniensia, 14, 185-196.
Ellis, N.C. (1996). Sequencing in SLA: Phonological memory, chunking, and points of order.
Studies in second Language Acquisition, 18, 91-126.
Ellis, R. (1985). Sources of variability in interlanguage. Applied Linguistics, 6,
118-131.
Ellis, R. (1988). The effects of linguistic environment on the second language acquisition
of grammatical rules. Applied Linguistics, 9, 257-274.
Fasold, R. (1984). Variation theory and language learning. In P. Trudgill (Ed.), Applied
sociolinguistics(pp.245-261). London: Academic Press.
Flege, J. E. (1980). Phonetic approximation in second language acquisition. Language
Learning, 30, 117-134.
Flege, J. E. (1981). The phonological basis of foreign accent: A hypothesis. TESOL Quarterly,
15, 443-455.
Flege, J. E. (1987). The production of "new" and "similar" phones in a foreign language:
Evidence for the effect of equivalence classification. Journal of Phonetics, 15, 47-65.
Flege, J. E. (1987). Effects of equivalence classification on the production of foreign language
speech sounds. In A. James & J. Leather (Eds.), Sound patterns in second language acquisition (pp. 9-39). Providence, RI: Foris Publications.
Flege, J. E. (1988). The development of skill in producing word-final /p/ and /b: Kinematic
parameters. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 84, 1639-1652.
Flege, J. E. (1989). Chinese subject's perception of the word final English /t/-/d/ contrast:
Performance before and after training. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 86, 1684-1697.
Flege, J. E. & Davidian, R. (1984). Transfer and developmental processes in adult foreign language
speech production. Applied Psycholinguistics, 5, 323-347.
Flege, J. E., & Eefting, W. (1986). Linguistic and developmental effects on the production and
perception of stop consonants. Phonetica, 43, 155-171.
Flege, J., & Hillenbrand, J. (1984). Limits on phonetic accuracy in foreign language speech production.
Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 76, 708-721. (Also in Ioup & Weinberger).
Flege, J. E., McCutcheon, M., & Smith, S. (1987). The development of skill in producing word-final
stops. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 82, 433-447.
Gatbonton, E. (1978). Patterned phonetic variability in second-language speech: a gradual diffusion
model. Canadian Modern Language Review, 34, 335-347.
Greenberg, J. (1965). Some generalizations concerning initial and final consonant clusters.
Linguistics, 18, 5-34.
Hammarberg, B. (1990). Conditions on transfer in phonology. In J. Leather & A. James (Eds.),
New sounds 90: Proceedings of the Amersterdam symposium of the acquisition of second-language speech (pp. 198-215). Amsterdam: University of Amsterdam.
Harris, J. (1983. Syllable Structure and Stress in Spanish: A Nonlinear Analysis.
Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.
Hieke, A. (1987). Absorption and fluency in native and non-native casual English speech. In A.
James & J. Leather (Eds.), Sound patterns in second language acquisition (pp. 41-58). Providence, RI: Foris Publications.
Hodne, B. (1985). Yet another look at interlanguage phonology: The modification of English syllable
structure by native speakers of Polish. Language Learning, 35, 404- 422.
Hooper, J. (1976). An Introduction to Natural Generative Phonology. New York:
Academic Press.
Ioup, G. (1984). Is there a structural foreign accent? A comparison of syntactic and phonological
errors in second language acquisition. Language Learning, 34, 1-17.
Ioup. G., & Tansomboon, A. (1987). The acquisition of tone: A maturational perspective. In
G. Ioup & S. Weinberger (Eds.), Interlanguage phonology: The acquisition of a second language sound system (pp. 333-349). Cambridge, MA: Newbury House.
James, A. (1986). Phonic transfer and phonological explanation: Some theoretical and
methodological issues. In E. Kellerman & M. Sharwood Smith (Eds.), Crosslinguistic influence in second language acquisition (pp.134-149). New York: Pergamon.
James, A. (1987). The acquisition of phonological representation: A modular approach. In A.
James & J. Leather (Eds.), Sound patterns in second language acquisition (pp. 225-249). Providence, RI: Foris Publications.
James, A. (1988). The acquisition of a second language phonology: A linguistic theory of
developing sound structures. Tubingen: Gunter Narr Verlag.
James, A. (1996). Second language phonology. In Peter Jordens and Josine
Lallemen (Eds.) Investigating second language acquisition (pp. 293-320). New York: Mounton de Gruyter.
Karimi, S. (1987). Farsi speakers and the initial consonant cluster in English. In G. Ioup & S.
Weinberger (Eds.), Interlanguage phonology: The acquisition of a second language sound system (pp.305-318). Cambridge, MA: Newbury House.
Kaye, J., & Lowenstamm, J. (1981). Syllable structure and markedness theory. In Theory of
markedness in generative grammar. Pisa: Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa.
Kiparsky, P. (1979). Metrical structure assignment is cyclic. Linguistic Inquiry, 10,
421-441.
Kiparsky, P., & Menn, L. (1977). On the acquisition of phonology. In J. MacNamara (Ed.),
Language learning and thought (pp.47-78). New York, NY: Academic Press. (Also in Ioup & Weinberger).
Labov, W. (1969). Contraction, deletion, and inherent variability of the English copula.
Language, 45, 715-762.
Leather, J. (1987). F0 pattern inference in the perceptual acquisition of second language tone.
In A. James & J. Leather (Eds.), Sound patterns in second language acquisition (pp. 59-80). Providence, RI: Foris Publications.
Leather, J., & James, A. (1987). Sound patterns in second language acquisition. In A. James &
J. Leather (Eds.), Sound patterns in second language acquisition (pp. 1-6). Providence, RI: Foris Publications.
Leather, J., & James, A. (1991). The acquisition of second language speech. Studies in
Second Language Acquisition, 13, 305-341.
Macken, M., & Ferguson, C. (1981). Phonological universals in language acquisition. In H. Winitz (Ed.),
Native language and foreign language acquisition (pp. 110-129). New York, NY: New York Academy of Sciences. (Also in Ioup & Weinberger).
Major, R.C. (1994). Chronological and stylistic aspects of second language acquistion of
consonant clusters. Language Learning, 44, 655-680.
Major, R.C. (1992). Native and nonnative phonological representations. International
Review of Applied Linguistics in Language Teaching, 32, 109-127.
Major, R. C. (1987). The natural phonology of second language acquisition. In A. James & J. Leather
(Eds.), Sound patterns in second language acquisition (pp. 207-224). Providence, RI: Foris Publications.
Major, R. C. (1987). Phonological similarity, markedness, and rate of L2 acquisition.
Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 9, 63-82.
Major, R. C. (1987). A model for interlanguage phonology. In G. Ioup and S. Weinberger
(Eds.), Interlanguage phonology: The acquisition of a second language sound system (pp. 101-124). Cambridge, MA: Newbury House.
Major, R. C. (1990). Phonological universals in second language variation. In H. Burmeister &
P. Rounds (Eds.), Variability in second language acquisition: Proceedings of the tenth meeting of the second language research forum: Vol. II (pp. 473-488). Eugene, OR: Dept. of Linguistics, University of Oregon.
Major, R.C., & Faudree, M. C. (1996). Markedness universals and the acquisition of voicing contrasts
by korean speakers of english. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 18, 69-90.
Major, R. C., & Kim, E. (1996). The similarity differential rate hypothesis. Language
Learning, 46, 465-496.
Mulford, R., & Hecht, B. (1982). The acquisition of a second language phonology: Interaction of
transfer and and developmental factors. Applied Psycholinguistics, 3, 313-328. (Also in Ioup & Weinberger).
Nathan, G., Anderson, W., & Budsayamongkon, B. (1987). On the acquisition of aspiration. In G.
Ioup & S. Weinberger (Eds.), Interlanguage phonology: The acquisition of a second language sound system (pp.204-212). Cambridge, MA: Newbury House.
Neufeld, G. (1978). On the acquisition of prosodic and articulatory features in adult language
learning. The Canadian Modern Language Review, 34, 163-174. (Also in Ioup & Weinberger).
Pater, J. V. (1997). Metrical parameter misseting in second language acquisition.
In S.J. Hannahs & Martha Young-Scholten (Eds.) Focus on phonological acquisition (pp. 235-261). Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company.
Pennington, M. (1990). The context of L2 phonology. In H. Burmeister & P. Rounds (Eds.),
Variability in second language acquisition: Proceedings of the tenth meeting of the second language research forum: Vol. II (pp. 541-564). Eugene, OR: Dept. of Linguistics, University of Oregon.
Pennington, M., & Richards, J. (1986). Pronunciation revisited. TESOL Quarterly, 20,
207-225.
Pennington, M., & Richards, J. (1987). The authors respond....TESOL Quarterly, 21,
158.
Puppel, S., & Morton, W. (1991). Towards a dynamic model of acquisition of second language
phonology. International Journal of Applied Linguistics, 1, 89-103.
Riney, T. (1990). Age and open syllable preference in interlanguage phonology. In H. Burmeister
& P. Rounds (Eds.), Variability in second language acquisition: Proceedings of the tenth meeting of the second language research forum: Vol. II (pp. 655-666). Eugene, OR: Dept. of Linguistics, University of Oregon.
Ritchie, W. (1968). On the explanation of phonic interference. Language Learning,
18, 183-197.
Rodriquez, P., & Sabino, R. (1985). Comments on Roberta G. Abraham's "Patterns in the use of
the present tense third person singular -s by university-level ESL speakers": Two readers react....TESOL Quarterly, 19, 171-173.
Ross, S. (1994). The ins and outs of paragoge and apocope in Japanese-English interphonology.
Second Language Research, 10, 1-24.
Sato, C. (1984). Phonological processes in second language acquisition: Another look at
interlanguage syllable structure. Language Learning, 34, 43-57. (Also in Ioup & Weinberger: revised version).
Sato, C. (1985). Task variation in interlanguage phonology. In S. Gass & C. Madden (Eds.),
Input in second language acquisition (pp.181-196). Rowley, MA: Newbury House.
Schmidt, R. (1987). Sociolinguistic variation and language transfer in phonology. In G. Ioup
& S. Weinberger (Eds.), Interlanguage phonology: The acquisition of a second language sound system (pp. 365-377). Cambridge, MA: Newbury House.
Selkirk, E. (1984). On the major class features of syllable theory. In M. Aronoff & R. Oehrle (Eds.),
Language Sound Structure (pp.107-136). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Singh, R., & Ford, A. (1987). Interphonology and phonological theory. In A. James & J. Leather (Eds.),
Sound patterns in second language acquisition (pp. 163-172). Providence, RI: Foris Publications.
Spears, R. (1984). Comments on Mary Temperley's "The articulatory target for the final -s clusters";
A reader reacts....TESOL Quarterly, 18, 534-537.
Stockman, I., & Pluut, E. (1992). Segment composition as a factor in the syllabification
errors of second language speakers. Language Learning, 42, 21-45.
Stolen, M. (1987). The effect of affect on interlanguage phonology. In G. Ioup & S. Weinberger (Eds.),
Interlanguage phonology: The acquisition of a second language sound system (pp. 389-400). Cambridge, MA: Newbury House.
Tarone, E. (1978). The phonology of interlanguage. In J. Richards (Ed.), Understanding
second and foreign language learning (pp. 15-33). Rowley, MA: Newbury House. (Also in Ioup & Weinberger).
Tarone, E. (1980). Some influences on the syllable structure of interlanguage phonology.
International Review of Applied Linguistics, 18, 139-152. (Also in Ioup & Weinberger).
Tarone, E. (1988). Variation in interlanguage. London; Edward Arnold.
Temperley, M. (1983). The articulatory target for the final -s clusters. TESOL Quarterly, 17,
421-436.
Temperley, M. (1984). The author responds....TESOL Quarterly, 18, 538-541.
Tiee. H. (1969). Contrastive analysis of the monosyllabic structures of American English and
Mandarin Chinese. Language Learning, 19, 1-16.
Tropf, H. (1987). Sonority as a variability factor in second language phonology. In A. James &
J. Leather (Eds.), Sound patterns in second language acquisition (pp. 173-191). Providence, RI: Foris Publications.
Vennemann, T. (1988). Preference laws for syllable structure and the explanation
of sound change. New York: Mouton de Gruyter.
Weinberger, S. (1987). The influence of linguistic context on syllable simplification.
In G. Ioup & S. Weinberger (Eds.) Interlanguage phonology: The acquisition of a second language sound system (pp. 401-417). Rowley, MA: Newbury House.
Wolfram, W. (1973). Sociolinguistic aspects of assimilation : Puerto Rican English in
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Wolfram, W. (1985). Variability in tense marking: a case for the obvious. Language
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Wolfram, W. (1989). Systematic variability in second-language tense marking. Eisenstein,
M. R. (Ed.) The dynamic interlanguage (pp. 187-197). New York: Plenum Press.
Wolfram, W., & Christian, D. (1976). Appalachian speech. Arlington, VA: Center for
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Wolfram, W., & Fasold, R. (1974). The study of social dialects in American English.
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Yavas, M. (1996). Differences in voice onset time in early and later
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Yavas, M. (1997). The effects of vowel height and place of articulation in
interlanguage final stop devoicing. International Review of Applied Linguistics in Language Teaching, 35, 115-125.
Yavas, M., & Goldstein, B. (1997). Speech sound differences and disorders in first
and second language acquisition. American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 7, 43-54.
Zampini, M. (1997). L2 Spanish spirantization, prosodic domains, and interlanguage
rules. In S.J. Hannahs & Martha Young-Scholten (Eds.) Focus on phonological acquisition (pp. 209-234). Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publising Company.
English 418 Course Syllabus
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