Motif IV.A: Physical and Psychological Limitations Motif IV.B: Apotropaic Measures to Prevent or Delay Potential or Actual Vampires from Leaving or Returning to their Graves Motif IV.C: Detecting Vampires Motif IV.D: Apotropaic Measures to Prevent or Ward off Attacks from Vampires or to Cure Those Who Have Been Attacked Motif IV.E: Other Limitations Motif Index Home
| Motif | Folklore | 19th Century Literature | Modern Literature | Film/Television |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Motif IV.A.1: Vampires are intolerant of sunlight and may be burned by it | Le Fanu (1871) in L. Shepard (1977: 37); Tieck, J. (1819: 11); | Bronte, C., & Erwin, S. (2010: 3, 105, 113, 253); David, P. (2014: 24); del Toro, G. & Hogan, C. (2009: 201, 214, 239, 242, 352); Grahame-Smith, S. (2010: 65, 73, 88, 104, 119, 130, 189, 216, 368, 378, 393, 395, ); Hambly, B. (1988: 128-129, 141); Harris, C. (2001: 2, 281); King, S. (1975: 61, 211, 216, 223, 280, 345, 387, 388); Kostova, E. (2005: 211, 270, 281, 598); Legend, L. (2018: ); Lindquist, J. (2004: 230, 231, 244, 245, 397, 398, 409); Meyer, S. (2005: 117, 162); Newman, K. (1992: 83, 142, 148206, 251); Rain, J. R. (2009: 3, 5, 30); Rain, J. R (2010: 156, 157, 178, 179, 180); Rain, J. R. (2011: 521, 525); Owen, L. (2014: 123, 142, 147, 173, 174, 175, 181, 190, 216, 226, 314, 317, 374, 399, 402); Rice, A. (1976: 22, 281); Rice, A. (1985: 95); Schimel, L., & Mosiman, B. (1997: 87);Shepard, L. (1993: 5); Sherman, D. (1991: 127); Stoker, D. & Holt, I. (2009: 376, 381). | 30 Days of Night (2007); Blade (1998); Blood and Roses (1960); Dark Shadows (2012); Dracula (1979); Dracula 2000 (2000); Dracula A.D. 1972 (1972); Dracula: Dead and Loving it (1995); Dracula has Risen from the Grave (1968); Dracula Untold (2014); Fright Night (1985); From Dusk Till Dawn (1996); From Dusk till Dawn: The Series (2014-2016: S1:E1; S2:E1); Horror of Dracula (1958); Innocent Blood (1992); Interview with the Vampire (1994); Let the Right One In (2008); Love at First Bite (1979); Near Dark (1987); Rise: Blood Hunter (2007); Salem’s Lot (1979); Salem’s Lot (2004); Son of Dracula (1943); Taste the Blood of Dracula (1970); The Lost Boys (1987); The Vampire Lovers (1970); Underworld (2003); Underworld: Evolution (2006); Underworld: Rise of the lycans (2009); Underworld: Awakening (2012); Underworld: Blood Wars (20165); Vampire Diaries, The (2009-2016: S1:E5; S1:E6; S1:E14; S2:E17; S4:E4); Vampires (1998); Vamps (2012); Van Helsing (2004). | |
| Motif IV.A.2: IV.A.2: Even though vampires may appear in daylight, they are much less powerful | Feval, P. (1875: 125); Le Fanu (1871) in L. Shepard (1977: 37); Stoker, B. (1897) in J. Riquelme (2002: 244, 246, 291, 302, 339). | Grahame-Smith, S. (2010: 205); Newman, K. (1992: 10, 11, 83, 135, 142, 148, 206, 251); Stoker, D. & Holt, I. (2009: 346, 376, 381); Owen, L. (2014: 123) Rain, J. R. (2009: 27, 44, 137); Rain, J. R (2010: 165, 215); Rain, J. R. (2011: 515, 535); Warrington, F (1997: 16, 94, 172). | Bram Stoker’s Dracula (1992); The Vampire Lovers (1970);. | |
| Motif IV.A.3: Vampires avoid entering religious edifices and attending religious services | de Lamothe-Langon (1825: 129, 223, 242); Tolstoy, A. (1884) in L. Kuehl (1969: 100-101, 117). | Kostova, E. (2005: 140, 142, 576); Owen, L. (2014: 143, 313, 317). | Salem’s Lot (2004); The Vampire Lovers (1970). | |
| Motif IV.A.4: Newly turned vampires may not be very intelligent or very elderly vampires may become mentally unstable | del Toro, G. & Hogan, C. (2009: 317); Kostova, E. (2005: 111); Owen, L. (2014: 117, 122, 128, 129, 130, 135, 137, 159); Rice, A. (1976: 170, 176); Rice, A. (1985: 201, 202, 254); Shepard, L. (1993: 176, 180, 198, 205, 212). | The Hunger (1983); | ||
| Motif IV.A.5: If vampires drink the blood of drunk or drugged victims, they will experience the same disorienting effects | Hambly, B. (1988: 161, 237); Harkness, D. (2012: 495, 503); Harkness, D. (2014: 60, 478); Harris, C. (2001: 77, 307); Lindquist, J. (2004: 159, 445); Newman, K. (1992: 87); Rice, A. (1976: 95, 121). | Love at First Bite (1979). | ||
| Motif IV.A.6: Vampires cannot cross water or can only cross at high or low tide | Lawson, J. (1910: 368); Vukanovic, T. (1957-1969) in J. Perkowski (2006: 237). | Stoker, B. (1897) in J. Riquelme (2002: 244-245). | del Toro, G. & Hogan, C. (2009: 220, 279, 336); King, S. (1975: 164, 321); Yarbo, C. (1978a: 37, 66); Yarbo, C. (1978b: 246, 382). | Castlevania (2017-2020); |
| Motif IV.A.7: Vampires must ask permission to enter a residence for the first time | Stoker, B. (1897) in J. Riquelme (2002: 244, 301); Tolstoy, A. (1884) in L. Kuehl (1969: 107). | David, P. (2014: 107, 115); Harris, C. (2002: 246); Harris, C. (2003: 27, 147); King, S. (1975: 162, 165, 197, 199, 205, 240, 313, 375); Legend, L. (2018: 9); Lindquist, J. (2004: 154, 225, 343, 344, 368, 468, 469); Owen, L. (2014: 130, 142, 167, 227, 300); Warrington, F (1997: 145, 151, 174, 175, 203); White, K. (2019: 280). | Buffy the Vampire Slayer (1992); Castlevania (2017-2020); Dracula: Prince of Darkness (1966); Let the Right One In (2008); Salem’s Lot (1979); Salem’s Lot (2004); The Lost Boys (1987); The Return of the Vampire (1943); Vampire Diaries, The (2009-2016: S1:E1; S1:E3; S1:E4; S1:E6; S1:E10; S1:E15; S1:E20). | |
| Motif IV.A.8: When sleeping, vampires are nearly comatose and completely vulnerable | Crawford, A. (1891: 70, 71); Le Fanu (1871) in L. Shepard (1977: 82, 83); Loring, F. (1900) in L. Shepard (1977: 157, 164); Stoker, B. (1897) in J. Riquelme (2002: 73). | Crawford, F. (1911) in L. Shepard (1977: 183); Hambly, B. (1988: 25, 33, 34); Hamilton, L. (1993: 252); Harris, C. (2002: 121); Harris, C. (2003: 103, 206); King, S. (1975: 388); Kostova, E. (2005: 579, 581); Lindquist, J. (2004: 398, 438); Matheson, R. (1954: 26, 38, 39, 72, 127); Newman, K. (1992: 93); Rice, A. (1976: 278); Rice, A. (1985: 419, 481); Roman, V (1925) in L. Shepard (1977: 260); ); Schimel, L., & Mosiman, B. (1997: 92); Sherman, D. (1991: 130); Strieber, W. (1981: 17, 26). | Abbott and Costello Meet Frankenstein (1948); Bram Stoker’s Dracula (1992); Count Dracula (1970); Dracula (1931); Dracula: Dead and Loving it (1995); Dracula has Risen from the Grave (1968); Dracula: Prince of Darkness (1966); Dracula's Daughter (1936); Fright Night (1985); Horror of Dracula (1958); Interview with the Vampire (1994); Let the Right One In (2008); Nosferatu (1922); Salem’s Lot (1979); Scars of Dracula (1970); Son of Dracula (1943); Taste the Blood of Dracula (1970); The Fearless Vampire Killers (1967); The Vampire Lovers (1970). | |
| Motif IV.A.9: Vampires are completely dormant on Saturdays and are exhumed on that day | Blum, R. & Blum, E. (1970: 74); Lawson, J. (1910: 367); Murgoci, A (1926) in A. Dundes (1998: 22). | Owen, L. (2014: 128). |
| Motif | Folklore | 19th Century Literature | Modern Literature | Film/Television |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| IV.B.1: Put religious items in the grave such as crosses or the host | Afanas’ev, A. (1869) in J. Perkowski (2006: 206); Lawson, J. (1910: 405, 406); Lorentz, F. (1935) cited in J. Perkowski, (2006: 17); Perkowski, J. (n.d.) in J. Perkowski (2006: 174175). Perkowski, J. (1972) in J. Perkowski (2006: 19, 21). | Stoker, B. (1897) in J. Riquelme (2002: 217, 291, 297). | Chetwynd-Hayes, R. (1975: 266, 267, 268, 271, 275); Grahame-Smith, S. (2010: 73); Warrington, F (1997: 57, 167; 205). | Bram Stoker’s Dracula (1992); Count Dracula (1970); Dracula (1979); Dracula 2000 (2000); Dracula A.D. 1972 (1972); Dracula: Prince of Darkness (1966); Dracula Untold (2014); Nosferatu The Vampyre (1979); The Brides of Dracula (1960); The Vampire Lovers (1970). |
| Motif IV.B.2. Put sharp items in the grave such as a sickle or scythe | Moszynski, K. (1967) in J. Perkowski (2006: 214); Perkowski, J (1982) in A. Dundes (1998: 37). | Vamps (2012). | ||
| Motif IV.B.3: Perform a religious service or say prayers over the grave without any further apotropaic measures | Blum, R. & Blum, E. (1970: 73); | |||
| Motif IV.B.4: Given that vampires are compulsive counters, place items in the grave for them to count such as seeds and grains of sand | Abbott, G. (1903) cited J. Perkowski (2006: 394); Afanas’ev, A. (1869) in J. Perkowski (2006: 207); Lorentz, F. (1935) cited in J. Perkowski, (2006: 17-18); Moszynski, K. (1967) in J. Perkowski (2006: 214); Oinas, F. (1982) in A. Dundes (1988: 49); Perkowski, J. (n.d.) in J. Perkowski (2006: 175); Perkowski, J. (1976) in J. Perkowski (2006: 1192-193); Perkowski, J. (1972) in J. Perkowski (2006: 18, 21). | |||
| Motif IV.B.5: Put items under the chin or tongue of the corpse or pierce the tongue or fill the mouth with objects such as coins, pebbles, or a brick | Afanas’ev, A. (1869) in J. Perkowski (2006: 207, 208); Lawson, J. (1910: 405); Lorentz, F. (1935) cited in J. Perkowski, (2006: 17); Moszynski, K. (1967) in J. Perkowski (2006: 214); Oinas, F. (1982) in A. Dundes (1998: 49); Perkowski, J. (1972) in J. Perkowski (2006: 19, 20); Trigg, E. (1973; 152-153). | |||
| Motif IV.B.6: Bury bottles of alcohol in or near the grave | Perkowski, J (1982) in A. Dundes (1998: 37). | |||
| Motif IV.B.7: Feed the ashes of a caul to a child born with one | Lorentz, F. (1935) cited in J. Perkowski, (2006: 17); Perkowski, J. (n.d.) in J. Perkowski (2006: 174); Perkowski, J. (1972) in J. Perkowski (2006: 20). | |||
| Motif IV.B.8: IV.B.8: Bury the corpse face down | Afanas’ev, A. (1869) in J. Perkowski (2006: 207); Lorentz, F. (1935) cited in J. Perkowski, (2006: 18); Moszynski, K. (1967) in J. Perkowski (2006: 214). | |||
| Motif IV.B.9: Maim, decapitate, or dismember the corpse before burial or bind the limbs | Afanas’ev, A. (1869) in J. Perkowski (2006: 206, 207); Blum, R. & Blum, E. (1970: 319); “Dubrovnik Criminal Court Transcript" (from events in 1737-1738) cited in J. Perkowski (2006: 405); Marinov, D. (1914) in J. Perkowski (2006: 534); Moszynski, K. (1967) in J. Perkowski (2006: 214); Perkowski, J. (1972) in J. Perkowski (2006: 19). | |||
| Motif IV.B.10: Bury the corpse at a crossroads | Moszynski, K. (1967) in J. Perkowski (2006: 214). | Rice, A. (1976: 166). | ||
| Motif IV.B.11: Heap stones on the grave | Moszynski, K. (1967) in J. Perkowski (2006: 214); Oinas, F. (1982) in A. Dundes (1998: 49). | |||
| Motif IV.B.12: Pierce various parts of the body with stakes, thorns, or nails | Abbott, G. (1903) cited J. Perkowski (2006: 394-395); Marinov, D. (1914) in J. Perkowski (2006: 534); Moszynski, K. (1967) in J. Perkowski (2006: 214); Perkowski, J (1982) in A. Dundes (1998: 37, 39); Trigg, E. (1973; 152-153). |
| Motif | Folklore | 19th Century Literature | Modern Literature | Film/Television |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Motif IV.C.1: Children of vampires can detect vampires | Marinov, D. (1914) in J. Perkowski (2006: 535); Trigg, E. (1973; 228); Vukanovic, T. (1957-1959) in J. Perkowski (2006: 247, 251); Zakhariev, J. (1918) in J. Perkowski (2006: 397). | |||
| IV.C.2: Sabbatarians (usually male and female twins) can detect vampires | Abbott, G. (1903) cited J. Perkowski (2006: 395); Marinov, D. (1914) in J. Perkowski (2006: 535); Trigg, E. (1973; 153); Vukanovic, T. (1957-1959) in J. Perkowski (2006: 247, 248). | Owen, L. (2014: 128). | ||
| IV.C.3: Horses can detect vampires in their graves and in some cases destroy the vampires by passing over the graves several times | Afanas’ev, A. (1869) in J. Perkowski (2006: 206); Calmet, D. (1759) in J. Perkowski (2006: 141); Fine, J (1987) in A Dundes (1998: 58); Murgoci, A (1926) in A. Dundes (1998: 17); Trigg, E. (1973; 156); Vukanovic, T. (1957-1969) in J. Perkowski (2006: 250, 255). | David, P. (2014: 23, 82); Rice, A. (1976: 159); Shepard, L. (1993: 57); Stoker, B. (1914: in L. Shepard (1977: 218); Wellman, M. (1942: 78). | Blood and Roses (1960); Dracula (1979); Near Dark (1987); The Vampire Lovers (1970). | |
| IV.C.4: Dogs, wolves, cats, and some other animals can detect vampires | Murgoci, A (1926) in A Dundes (1998: 28); Trigg, E. (1973; 155); 156); Vukanovic, T. (1957-1969) in J. Perkowski (2006: 244, 255). | Cholmondeley, M. (1890: 112, 117); Le Fanu (1871) in L. Shepard (1977: 39, 40); Loring, F. (1900) in L. Shepard (1977:155, 158); Stoker, B. (1897) in J. Riquelme (2002: 37, 158); Tolstoy, A. (1884) in L. Kuehl (1969: 100-101). | David, P. (2014: 49, 51, 55); del Toro, G. & Hogan, C. (2009: 63); King, S. (1975: 320); Legend, L. (2018: 10); Lindquist, J. (2004: 154-155, 336-339); Rain, J. R. (2009: 71). | 30 Days of Night (2007); Black Sabbath (1963); Blood and Roses (1960); Innocent Blood (1992); Let the Right One In (2008); The Brides of Dracula (1960); The House of Dracula (1945); The Lost Boys (1987); The Return of the Vampire (1943). |
| IV.C.5: The grave will have small holes around it from which the vampire escapes | Murgoci, A (1926) in A. Dundes (1998: 18); Trigg, E. (1973; 155); Vukanovic, T. (1957-1959) in J. Perkowski (2006: 243). | |||
| IV.C.6: Vampires do not cast a shadow | Stoker, B. (1897) in J. Riquelme (2002: 61, 244). | |||
| IV.C.7: Vampires do not cast a normal reflection and/or do not appear in photographs | Stoker, B. (1897) in J. Riquelme (2002: 44, 50, 244). | Bronte, C., & Erwin, S. (2010: 7, 259); Carter, A. (1979: 120); Chappell, F. (1995: 99); David, P. (2014: 51); del Toro, G. & Hogan, C. (2009: 228, 229, 321, 344); King, S. (1975: 217, 302, 311, 371, 372); Knight, T. (1995: 189, 191, 193); Legend, L. (2018: 34); Meyer, S. (2006: 5); Newman, K. (1992: 87, 127, 128); Rain, J. R. (2009: 97); Rain, J. R (2010: 172, 173); Rain, J. R. (2011: 486, 516); Shwartz, S. (1997: 3, 5); Warrington, F (1997: 98, 100, 133, 187, 198); Yarbo, C. (1978a: 105, 149); Yarbo, C. (1978b: 92). | Billy the Kid versus Dracula (1966); Bram Stoker’s Dracula (1992); Buffy the Vampire Slayer (1992); Count Dracula (1970); Dark Shadows (2012); Dracula (1931); Dracula (1979); Dracula 2000 (2000); Dracula: Dead and Loving it (1995); Dracula' Daughter (1936); Fright Night (1985); House of Dark Shadows (1970); Love at First Bite (1979); Nosferatu The Vampyre (1979); Rise: Blood Hunter (2007); Salem’s Lot (2004); The Brides of Dracula (1960); The Fearless Vampire Killers (1967); The House of Dracula (1945); The Lost Boys (1987); The Return of the Vampire (1943); The Satanic Rits of Dracula (1973); Vamps (2012); Van Helsing (2004). |
| Motif | Folklore | 19th Century Literature | Modern Literature | Film/Television |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| IV.D.1: Religious items such as crosses, crucifixes, rosaries, the host and holy water repel vampires or even burn them | “Bucket of Blood” in J. Perkowski (2006: 335); Trigg, E. (1973; 153); Vukanovic, T. (1957-1959) in J. Perkowski (2006: 248-249). | Anonymous (1823) in Dracula’s Precursors (2011: 22, 46); Crawford, A. (1891:60); Dumas, A. (1849: 57-58); Loring, F. (1900) in L. Shepard (1977: 157); Stoker, B. (1897) in J. Riquelme (2002: 31, 36, 50, 103, 176, 217, 219, 245, 283, 295, 353); Tolstoy, A. (1846) in L. Kuehl (Ed.) (1969:163, 178); Tolstoy, A. (1884) in L. Kuehl (1969: 94, 95, 99, 118, 120, 121). | Carter, A. (1979: 118); Chappell, F. (1995: 101); David, P. (2014: 50, 51, 79, 80, 81, 83, 107, 113, 117, 118, 121, 124, 149, 150, 152, 153); Hamilton, L. (1993: 4, 11, 12, 76, 84-85, 92, 122, 131, 176); Hodge, B. (1992: 63, 64); King, S. (1975: 164, 169, 170, 172, 205, 229, 241, 248, 255, 259, 266, 268, 270, 302, 321, 344, 350, 351, 353, 355, 407-408, 413); Kisner, J. (1995: 112, 118); Knight, T. (1995: 189-190); Kostova, E. (2005: 34, 55, 59, 62, 96, 110, 147, 149, 152, 168, 169, 235-236, 265, 281, 333, 407, 435, 521, 524, 567, 630, ); Legend, L. (2018: 108, 201); Matheson, R. (1954: 21, 27, 61, 62, 63, 91, 115, 135, 136, 137); Meyer, S. (2006: 388); Newman, K. (1992: 121); Owen, L. (2014: 137, 140, 291, 292, 323, 324, 349, 485); Shwartz, S. (1997: 5); Stoker, D. & Holt, I. (2009: 49, 316-317, 344); Warrington, F (1997: 14, 15, 57, 72, 76, 117, 141, 146, 149, 158, 164, 167, 173, 183, 188, 203, 205, 206, 211, 225, 242, 250, 275); White, K. (2019: 58, 162, 281, 320); White, K. (2020: 293). | Billy the Kid versus Dracula (1966); Black Sunday(1960); Bram Stoker’s Dracula (1992); Bram Stoker’s Dracula (1992); Buffy the Vampire Slayer (1992); Castlevania (2017-2020); Count Dracula (1970); Curse of the Undead (1959); Dracula (1931); Dracula (1979); Dracula A.D. 1972 (1972); Dracula: Dead and Loving it (1995); Dracula has Risen from the Grave (1968); Dracula: Prince of Darkness (1966); Dracula's Daughter (1936); Fright Night (1985); From Dusk Till Dawn (1996); Horror of Dracula (1958); House of Dark Shadows (1970); Innocent Blood (1992); Love at First Bite (1979); Nosferatu The Vampyre (1979); Salem’s Lot (1979); Salem’s Lot (2004); Scars of Dracula (1970); Son of Dracula (1943); Taste the Blood ofDracula (1970); The Brides of Dracula (1960); The Fearless Vampire Killers (1967); The House of Dracula (1945); The Lost Boys (1987); The Return of the Vampire (1943); The Satanic Rites of Dracula (1973); The Vampire Lovers (1970); Van Helsing (2004). |
| IV.D.2: Garlic repels vampires | Murgoci, A (1926) in A. Dundes (1998: 22, 23); Perkowski, J. (1972) in J. Perkowski (2006: 192-193); Perkowski, J (1982) in A. Dundes (1998: 37, 38). | Loring, F. (1900) in L. Shepard (1977: 160, 162, 163); Stoker, B. (1897) in J. Riquelme (2002: 52, 146, 147, 171, 176, 216, 245, 353). | Chappell, F. (1995: 101); David, P. (2014: 51); del Toro, G. & Hogan, C. (2009: 215); Hambly, B. (1988: 61, 130, 216); Hamilton, L. (1993: 56); Harris, C. (2001: ); Harris, C. (2001: 2, 189, 281); Harris, C. (2002: 63, 117); Hodge, B. (1992: 63); Johnson, R. (1939: 50); King, S. (1975: 164, 301, 321, 327); Kisner, J. (1995: 112); Kostova, E. (2005: 34, 55, 62, 96, 109, 110, 147, 168, 169, 239, 265, 352, 359, 567, 630); Matheson, R. (1954: 14, 15, 16, 27, 61, 90, 129); Meyer, S. (2006: 388); Shwartz, S. (1997: 5); Warrington, F (1997: 57, 117, 127, 149, 203, 205). | Blood and Roses (1960); Bram Stoker’s Dracula (1992); Castlevania (2017-2020); Dracula (1979); Dracula A.D. 1972 (1972); Dracula: Dead and Loving it (1995); Dracula has Risen from the Grave (1968); Dracula: Prince of Darkness (1966);From Dusk Till Dawn (1996); Horror of Dracula (1958); Innocent Blood (1992); Love at First Bite (1979); The Brides of Dracula (1960); The Fearless Vampire Killers (1967); The Kiss of the Vampire (1963); The Lost Boys (1987); The Satanic Rites of Dracula (1973); The Vampire Lovers (1970); Van Helsing (2004). |
| IV.D.3: Other types of flora such as hawthorn wild roses, ash, nightshade, wolfsbane, vervain, and some herbs repel vampires | Abbott, G. (1903) cited J. Perkowski (2006: 395); Fine, J (1987) in A Dundes (1998: 58); Oinas, F. (1982) in A. Dundes (1998: 49); Perkowski, J (1982) in A. Dundes (1998: 39); Vukanovic, T. (1957-1959) in J. Perkowski (2006: 248); Zakhariev, J. (1918) cited in J. Perkowski (2006: 530). | Loring, F. (1900) in L. Shepard (1977: 160, 162, 163); Stoker, B. (1897) in J. Riquelme (2002: 52, 245,323); Tieck, J. (1819: 26). | Hambly, B. (1988: 18, 61, 140); Johnson, R. (1939: 50); King, S. (1975: 164, 321, 328, 301); Sherman, D. (1991: 124); Warrington, F (1997: 117, 149). | Billy the Kid versus Dracula (1966); Dracula (1931); Dracula has Risen from the Grave (1968); Love at First Bite (1979); Salem’s Lot (1979); The Satanic Rites of Dracula (1973); Underworld: Blood Wars (2016); Vampire Diaries, The (2009-2016: S1:E4; S1:E13; S1:E17);. |
| IV.D.4: Consuming vampire blood or smearing it on yourself or drinking alcohol buried near a vampire’s grave, or eating earth from the grave serves as protections against attack or as a cure | Horst, G. (1821) cited in P. Barber (1987) in A. Dundes (1998:111); From the Mercure galant (1693/1694) cited in P. Barber (1987) in A. Dundes (1998: 110); Murgoci, A (1926) in A Dundes (1998: 16, 17); Perkowski, J. (1972) in J. Perkowski (2006: 19, 22); Perkowski, J (1982) in A. Dundes (1998: 38). | Anonymous (1823) in Dracula’s Precursors (2011: 48, 50); Polidori, J. (1819) in Three Tales of the Undead (2012: 34). | del Toro, G. & Hogan, C. (2009: 345). | |
| IV.D.5: Preventive sayings and stories render vampires powerless | Barber, P. (1987) in A. Dundes (1998: 120); Calmet, D. (1759) in J. Perkowski (2006: 142); Murgoci, A (1926) in A. Dundes (1998: 23, 33); Vukanovic, T. (1957-1959) in J. Perkowski (2006: 255). | Owen, L. (2014: 369). | ||
| IV.D.6: Prayers, talk of religion, the singing of hymns and crossing oneself may repel vampires, but they are usually ineffective | Anonymous (1823) in Dracula’s Precursors (2011: 46); Dumas, A. (1849: 59); Feval, P. (1875: 54); Le Fanu (1871) in L. Shepard (1977: 21, 37, 38, 41, 48). | Benson, E. (1920) in L. Shepard (Ed.) (1977: 244); Chetwynd-Hayes, R. (1975: 266, 268); Kostova, E. (2005: 96, 358, 369, 482, 545); Stoker, B. (1914: 217); Wellman, M. (1942: 77). | Billy the Kid versus Dracula (1966); Black Sabbath (1963); Count Dracula (1970); Dracula (1931); Nosferatu (1922); Nosferatu The Vampyre (1979); Salem’s Lot (1979); The Brides of Dracula (1960); The Fearless Vampire Killers (1967); The Kiss of the Vampire (1963); The Lost Boys (1987). |
| Motif | Folklore | 19th Century Literature | Modern Literature | Film/Television |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Motif IV.E.1.: When vampires die, their children die too as do their victims who became vampires | Blum, R. & Blum, E. (1970: 74); Lawson, J. (1910: 373). | |||
| Motif IV.E.2: Disappear at cock crow or sunrise | Abbott, G. (1903) cited J. Perkowski (2006: 394); Afanas’ev, A. (1869) in J. Perkowski (2006: 195, 196, 210); Blum, R. & Blum, E. (1970: 71, 73); Machal, J. (1918) in J. Perkowski (2006: 75); Marinov, D. (1914) in J. Perkowski (2006: 531, 535); Murgoci, A (1926) in A Dundes (1998: 22, 28, 29); Vukanovic, T. (1957-1959) in J. Perkowski (2006: 242). | |||
| IV.E.3: Silver harms vampires | Chappell, F. (1995: 101); Friesner, E. (1997: 38, 41); Hambly, B. (1988: 91, 120. 134, 185, 209, 216, 217, 220, 221, 226, 236, 237, 241, 246, 251, 263, 279, 282); Hamilton, L. (1993: 5, 30, 78, 130, 169, 181); Harris, C. (2001: (2, 9, 11, 126, 194, 221, 281); Harris, C. (2002: 126, 148, 192, 204, 262); Harris, C. (2003: 189, 205, 256, 260); Johnson, R. (1939: 45, 46); King, S. (1975: 134?, 170?, 276?); Kostova, E. (2005: 109, 180, 239, 263, 359, 567, 580, 618, 622); Newman, K. (1992: 6, 38, 44, 95, 105, 114, 233, 273, 300, 311, 317); Owen, L. (2014: 139, 140, 188, 190, 205, 292, 411, 419, 429, 431, 432); Rain, J. R (2010: 190, 304); Rain, J. R. (2011: 582, 583); Stoker, D. & Holt, I. (2009: 16, 18, 291). | Blade (1998); Castlevania (2017-2020); Dark Shadows (2012); Dracula 2000 (2000); Dracula A.D. 1972 (1972); Dracula Untold (2014); The Satanic Rites of Dracula (1973); Vamps (2012); Van Helsing (2004). |