A Selective Bibliography:

Studies in Interlanguage Phonology

 

Abrahamsson, N.  (1997).  Vowel epenthesis of initial /sC(C)/ clusters in Spanish speakers’ L1 and L2 production: Puzzle or evidence for Natural Phonology?  In J. Leather & A. James, (Eds.), New sounds 97: Proceedings of the Third International Symposium on the Acquisition of Second-Language Speech (pp. 8-17).  Klagenfurt, Austria: University of Klagenfurt.

**Abrahamsson, N. (1999). Vowel epenthesis of /sC(C)/ onsets in Spanish/Swedish interphonology:  A longitudinal study.  Language Learning, 49, 473-508.

Abrahamsson, N. (2001).  Acquiring L2 syllable margins.  Stockholm: Stockholm University.

**Abrahamsson, N. (2003a).  Development and recoverability of L2 codas:  A longitudinal study of Chinese-Swedish interphonology. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 25, 313-349. 

Abrahamsson, N. (2003b).  Universal constraints on L2 coda production:  The case of Chinese/Swedish interphonology.  In S. Giannini & L. Costamagna (Eds.), Interlanguage phonology: Strategies and tactics.  Milan, Italy:  Franco Angeli.

Adamson, H. D., & Regan, V. M.  (1991).  The acquisition of community speech norms by Asian immigrants learning English as a second language.  Studies  in Second Language Acquisition, 13, 1­-22.

Adjemian, C.  (1976).  On the nature of interlanguage systems.  Language Learning, 26, 297-320.

Altenberg, E., & Vago, R.  (1983).  Theoretical implications of an error analysis of second language phonology production.  Language Learning, 33, 427-447.

Andersen, R.  (1983).  Transfer to somewhere.  In S. M. Gass & L. Selinker (Eds.), Language transfer in language learning (pp.177-201).  Rowley, MA:  Newbury House.

**Anderson, J.  (1987).  The Markedness Differential Hypothesis and syllable structure difficulty. In G. Ioup & S. H. Weinberger (Eds.), Interlanguage phonology: The acquisition a second language sound system (pp. 279-291).  New York: Newbury House/Harper & Row.

Anderson-Hsieh, J., Johnson, R., & Koehler, K.  (1992).  The relationship between native speaker judgments of nonnative pronunciation and deviance in segmentals, prosody, and syllable structure. Language Learning, 42, 529-555.

Archibald, J.  (1992).  Transfer of L1 parameter settings: Some empirical evidence from Polish metrics. Canadian Journal of Linguistics / Revue canadienne de Linguistique, 37, 301-339.

Archibald, J.  (1993a).  Language learnability and L2 phonology: The acquisition of metrical parameters.  Dordrecht/Boston/London: Klewer Academic Publishers.

Archibald, J.  (1993b).  The learnability of English metrical parameters by Spanish speakers.  International Review of Applied Linguistics , 31, 129–141.

Archibald, J.  (1993c).  Metrical phonology and the acquisition of L2 stress.  In F. R. Eckman(Ed.), Confluence: Linguistics, L2 acquisition and speech pathology (pp. 37-48).  Amsterdam: Benjamins.

Archibald, J.  (1993d).  The learnability of English metrical parameters by adult Spanish speakers.  IRAL; 31, 129-142.

Archibald, J.  (1997a).  The acquisition of second language phrasal stress: A pilot study.  In S. J. Hannahs, & M. Scholten (Eds.), Focus on phonological acquisition (pp. 263-289).  Amsterdam: John Benjamins.

Archibald, J.  (1997b).  The acquisition of English stress by speakers of nonaccentual languages: Lexical storage versus computation of stress.  Linguistics, 35, 167-181.

Archibald, J.  (1998a).  Second language phonology.  Amsterdam/Philadelphia: Benjamins.

Archibald, J.  (1998b).  Second language phonology, phonetics, and typology. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 20, 189-211.

Archibald, J. (2002).  Parsing procedures and the question of full access in L2 phonology.  In A. James & J. Leather (Eds.), New Sounds 2000 (pp. 11-21).  Klagenfurt, Austria:  University of Klagenfurt.

Asher, J. & Garcia, R.  (1969).  The optimal age to learn a foreign language.  Modern Language Journal, 53, 334-341.

**Baptista, B. & da Silva Filho, J.  (1997).  The influence of markedness and syllable contact on the production of English final consonants by EFL learners. In J. Leather & A. James, (Eds.), New sounds 97: Proceedings of the Third International Symposium on the Acquisition of Second-Language Speech (pp. 26-34).  Klagenfurt, Austria: University of Klagenfurt.

Bayley, R., & Preston, D. R., (Eds.).  (1996).  Second language acquisition and linguistic variation.  Amsterdam: Benjamins.

Beebe, L. & Giles, H.  (1984).  Speech accommodation theory: A discussion in terms of second-language acquisition.  International Journal of the Sociology of Language 46, 5-32.

Beebe, L. M.  (1980).  Sociolinguistic variation and style shifting in second language acquisition.  Language Learning, 30, 433-447.

**Benson, B.  (1988).  Universal preference for the open syllable as an independent process in interlanguage phonology.  Language Learning, 38, 221-242.

Bilá, M.  (1997).  Durations of syllables and rhythm in oral production of Slovak teacher trainees.  In J. Leather & A. James, (Eds.), New sounds 97: Proceedings of the Third International Symposium on the Acquisition of Second-Language Speech (pp. 35-37).  Klagenfurt, Austria: University of Klagenfurt.

Bley-Vroman, R.  (1983).  The comparative fallacy in interlanguage studies: The case of systematicity.  Language Learning, 33, 1–17.

Bley-Vroman, R.  (1989). What is the logical problem of foreign language learning?  In S. Gass & J. Schachter (Eds.), Linguistic perspectives on second language acquisition (pp. 41-68).  Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Bley-Vroman, R.  (1990).  The logical problem of foreign language learning.  Linguistic Analysis, 20, 3-49.

Bley-Vroman, R., Felix, S. & Ioup, G.  (1988).  The accessibility of universal grammar in adult language learning.  Second Language Research, 4, 1-32.

Bohn, O.-S.  (1995).  Cross-language speech perception in adults: First language transfer doesn’t tell it all.  In W. Strange (Ed.), Speech perception and linguistic experience:  Issues in cross-linguistic research (pp. 279-303).  Timonium, MD: York Press, Inc.

Bohn, O.-S., & Flege, J. E.  (1990).  Interlingual identification and the role of Foreign language experience in L2 vowel perception. Applied Psycholinguistics11, 303-328.

Bohn, O.-S., & Flege, J. E.  (1993).  Perceptual switching in Spanish/English bilinguals.  Journal of Phonetics, 21, 267-290.

Bohn, O.-S., & Flege, J. E.  (1990).  Perception and production of a new vowel category by adult second language learners.  In J. Leather & A. James (Eds), New Sounds 90:  Proceedings of the Amsterdam Symposium on the Acquisition of Second-Langauge Speech (pp. 37-56). Amsterdam: University of Amsterdam.

Bohn, O.-S., & Flege, J. E. (1992). The production of new and similar vowels by adult German learners of English. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 14, 131–158.

Bongaerts, T., Planken, B., Schils, E.  (1995).  Can late starters attain a native accent in a foreign language? A test of the Critical Period Hypothesis.  In D. Singleton, & Z. Lengyel (Eds.),  The age factor in second language acquisition: A critical look at the critical period hypothesis (pp. 30-50).  Clevedon, England: Multilingual Matters.

Bongaerts. T., van Summeren, C., Planken, & Schils, E.  (1997).  Age and ultimate atttainment in the pronunciation of a foreign language.  Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 19, 447-465.

Borrell,A.  (1996).  Foreign learners' production and perception errors systematization; Systematisation des erreurs de production et donc de perception chez les apprenants etrangers?  Revue de Phonetique Appliquée, 118-119, 1-16.

Brière, E.  (1966).  An investigation of phonological interference.  Language, 42, 768-796.

Brière, E.  (1968).  A psycholinguistic study of phonological interference.  The Hague: Mouton.

Broselow, E.  (1983).  Non-obvious transfer: On predicting epenthesis errors.  In S. M. Gass & L. Selinker (Eds.), Language transfer in language learning (pp. 269-280).  Rowley, MA: Newbury House.

Broselow, E.  (1984).  An investigation of transfer in second language phonology.  International Review of Applied Linguistics , 22, 253-269.

Broselow, E., & Finer, D.  (1991).  Parameter setting in second language phonology and syntax.  Second Language Research, 7, 35-59.

Broselow, E., Chen, S-I, & Wang, C.  (1998).  The emergence of the unmarked in second language phonology.  Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 20, 261-280.

Broselow, E., Hurtig, R. R., & Ringen, C.  (1987).  In G. Ioup & S. H. Weinberger (Eds.), Interlanguage phonology: The acquisition a second language sound system (pp. 350-361).  New York: Newbury House/Harper & Row.

Caramazza, A., Yeni-Komshian, G. H., Zurif, E. B.,  & Carbone, E.  (1973)  The acquisition of a new phonological contrast: The case of stop consonants in French-English bilinguals.  Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 54, 421-28.

Carlisle, R. S.  (1986).  The Influence of markedness on epenthesis in Spanish/English interlanguage phonology. PALM, 2, 88-96.

Carlisle, R. S.  (1988).  The effect of markedness on epenthesis in Spanish/English interlanguage phonology. IDEAL, 3, 15–23.

Carlisle, R. S.  (1991a).  The influence of environment on vowel epenthesis in Spanish/English interphonology.  Applied Linguistics, 12, 76–95.

Carlisle, R. S.  (1991b).  The influence of syllable structure universals on the variability of interlanguage phonology.  In A. D. Volpe (Ed.), The seventeenth LACUS forum, 1990 (pp. 135-145).  Lake Bluff, IL: Linguistic Association of Canada and the United States.

Carlisle, R. S.  (1992).  Environment and markedness as interacting constraints on vowel epenthesis.  In J. Leather & A. James, (Eds.), New Sounds 92: Proceedings of  the Amsterdam Symposium on the Acquisition of  Second-Language Speech (pp. 64-75).  Amsterdam: University of Amsterdam.

Carlisle, R. S.  (1994).  Markedness and environment as internal constraints on the variability of interlanguage phonology.  In M. Yavas¦ (Ed.), First and second language phonology (pp. 223–249).  San Diego: Singular.

**Carlisle, R. S.  (1997).  The modification of onsets in a markedness relationship: Testing the Interlanguage Structural Conformity Hypothesis.  Language Learning, 47, 327-361.

**Carlisle, R. S.  (1998).  The acquisition of onsets in a markedness relationship: A longitudinal study. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 20, 245-260.

**Carlisle, R. S. (2001). Syllable structure universals and second language acquisition. International Journal of English Studies, 1 (1), 1-19.

Carlisle, R. S. (2002). The acquisition of two and three member onsets: Time III of a longitudinal study. In A. James & J. Leather (Eds.), New Sounds 2000 (pp.42-47). Klagenfurt, Austria:   University of Klagenfurt Press.

Cebrian, J.  (1997).  Markedness and prosodic domain in the transferability of voicing rules in Catalan-English interlanguage. In J. Leather & A. James, (Eds.), New sounds 97: Proceedings of the Third International Symposium on the Acquisition of Second-Language Speech (pp. 47-54).  Klagenfurt, Austria: University of Klagenfurt.

**Clements, G. (1990).  The role of the sonority cycle in core syllabification.  In J. Kingston & M. Beckman (Eds.), Papers in laboratory phonology I:  Between the grammar and physics of speech (pp. 283-333). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Clements, G. N., & Hume, E. V. (1995).  The internal organization of speech sounds.  In J. Goldsmith (Ed.), The handbook of phonological theory (pp. 245-306).  New York: Blackwell.

**Clements, G. N., & Keyser, S.  (1983).  CV phonology: A generative theory of the syllable.  Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

Collins, B. & Mees, I. M.  (1995).  Approaches to articulatory setting in foreign language teaching.  In Windsor Lewis, J.  (Ed.),  Studies in general and English phonetics: Essays in honour of Professor J. D. Connor (pp. 415-424).  London:  Routledge.

Corder, S. P.  (1967).  The significance of learner’s errors.  International Review of Applied Linguistics, 5, 161-170.

Corder, S. P.  (1971).  Idiosyncratic dialects and error analysis. International Review of Applied Linguistics, 9, 147-159.

Cruz-Ferreira, M.  (1987).  Non-native interpretive strategies for intonational meaning: An experimental study. In A. James & J. Leather (Eds.), Sound patterns in second language acquisition (pp. 103-120).  Dordrecht: Foris.

Dalton-Puffer, C. et al.  (1997). Learner attitudes and L2 pronunciation in Austria. World Englishes, 16, 115-128.

Davidson, L. (2002).  The effects of hidden rankings on the acquisition of consonant clusters. In A. James & J. Leather (Eds.), New Sounds 2000 (pp. 87-96).  Klagenfurt, Austria:  University of Klagenfurt.

De Bot, K.  (1994).  The transfer of intonation and the missing data base.  In E. Kellerman, & M. Sharwood Smith (Eds.),  Crosslinguistic influence in second language acquisition.  Elmsford, NY: Pergamon Press, Inc.

Delamere.  T.  (1996).  The importance of interlanguage errors with respect to stereotyping by native speakers in their judgements of second language learners' performance.  System, 24, 279-297.

Derwing, T., & Munro, M. J.  (1997).  Accent, intelligibility, and comprehensibility: Evidence from four L1s. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 19, 1-16.

Dickerson, L. B.  (1975).  The learner’s interlanguage as a system of variable rules.  TESOL Quarterly, 9, 401-407.

Dickerson, L. B.,  & Dickerson, W. B. .  (1977).  Interlanguage phonology: current research and future directions.  In S. P. Corder  E. Roulet (Eds.), Actes du 5ème colloque de linguistique appiliquée de (pp. 18-29).  Neuchâtel: Faculté de Lettres.

Dickerson, W. B.  (1976).  The psycholinguistic unity of language learning and language change.  Language Learning, 26, 215-231.

Dickerson, W. B.  (1977).  Language variation in applied linguistics.  ITL Review of Applied Linguistics, 35, 43-66.

Dreasher, L. M., & Anderson-Hsieh, J. (1990).  Universals in interlanguage phonology:  The case of Brazilian ESL learners.  Papers and Studies in Contrastive Linguistics, 26, 69-92.

Dziubalska-Kolaczyk, K. (2002).  On consonant clusters in a second language. In A. James & J. Leather (Eds.), New Sounds 2000 (pp. 107-121).  Klagenfurt, Austria:  University of Klagenfurt.

**Eckman, F. R.  (1977).   Markedness and the contrastive analysis hypothesis. Language  Learning, 27, 315–330.

Eckman, F. R.  (1981).  On predicting phonological difficulty in second language acquisition.  Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 4, 18–30.

Eckman, F. R.  (1984).  Universals, typologies and interlanguage.  In W. Rutherford (Ed.), Language universals and second language acquisition (pp. 79-105).  Amsterdam:  John Benjamins.

Eckman, F. R.  (1985).  Some theoretical and pedagogical implications of the Markedness Differential Hypothesis.  Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 7, 289–307.

Eckman, F. R.  (1987).  The reduction of word-final consonant clusters in interlanguage.  In A. James & J. Leather (Eds.), Sound patterns in second language acquisition (pp. 143-162). Providence, RI: Foris Publications.

**Eckman, F. R.  (1991).  The Structural Conformity Hypothesis and the acquisition of consonant clusters in the interlanguage of ESL learners.  Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 13, 23-41.

Eckman, F. R.  (1994).  The competence-performance issue in second-language acquisition theory: A debate.  In E. Tarone, S. Gass, & A. Cohen (Eds.), Research methodology in second language acquisition (pp. 3-15). Hillsdale, NJ:  Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

**Eckman, F., Elreyes, A., & Iverson, G. (2003).  Some principles of second language phonology.  Second Language Research, 19, 169-208.

**Eckman, F. R., & Iverson, G. K.  (1993).  Sonority and markedness among onset clusters in the interlanguage of ESL learners.  Second Language Research, 9, 234-252.

**Eckman, F. R., & Iverson, G. K.  (1994).  Pronunciation difficulties in ESL: Coda consonants in English interlanguage.  In M. Yavas (Ed.), First and second language phonology (pp. 251-265).  San Diego, CA: Singular Publishing Group.

Eckman, F. R., & Iverson, G. K.  (1997).  Structure preservation in interlanguage phonology.  In S. J. Hannahs, & M. Scholten (Eds.), Focus on phonological acquisition (pp. 183-207).  Amsterdam: John Benjamins.

Eddington,  D. (1992). Word-medial epenthesis in Spanish: A lexical phonological approach. Southwest Journal of Linguistics, 11, 14-28.

Edge, B. A.  (1991).  The production of word-final voiced obstruents in English by L1 speakers of Japanese and Cantonese.  Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 13, 377-393.

Elliott, A. R.  (1995).  Foreign language phonology: Field independence attitude, and the success of formal instruction in Spanish pronunciation.  Modern Language Journal, 79, 530-542.

Ellis, N. C.  (1996).  Sequencing in SLA: Phonological memory, chunking, and points of order.  Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 18, 91–126.

Eviatar, Z., Leikin, M., & Ibrahim, R.  (1999).  Phonological processing of second language phonemes: A selective deficit in a bilingual aphasic. Language Learning, 49, 121-141.

Flege, J. E.  (1987a).  A critical period for learning to pronounce foreign languages.  Applied Linguistics, 8, 162-177.

Flege, J. E.  (1987b).  Effects of equivalence classification on the production of foreign language speech sounds.  In A. James & J. Leather (Eds.), Sound patterns in second language acquisition (pp. 9-39).  Dordrecht: Foris.

Flege, J. E.  (1988a).  Factors affecting degree of perceived foreign accent in English sentences.  Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 84, 70-79.

Flege, J. E.  (1988b).  The production and perception of foreign language speech sounds.  In H. Winitz (Ed.), Human communication and its disorders (pp. 224-401).  Norwood, NJ: Ablex.

Flege, J. E.  (1990).  English vowel production by Dutch talkers: More evidence for the "similar" vs. "new" distinction.  In J. Leather & A. James (Eds.), New sounds 90:  Proceedings of the Amsterdam Symposium on the Acquisition of Second-Language Speech (pp. 255-293).  Amsterdam:   University of Amsterdam.

Flege, J. E.  (1991).  Age of learning affects the authenticity of voice onset time (VOT) in stop consonants produced in a second language.  Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 89, 395-411.

Flege, J. E.  (1992).  The intelligibility of English vowels spoken by British and Dutch talkers. In R. D. Kent (Ed.), Intelligibility in speech disorders: Theory, measurement, and management (Vol. 1, pp. 157-232).  Philadelphia: John Benjamins.

Flege, J. E.  (1993).  Production and perception of a novel, second language phonetic contrast.  Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 93, 1589-1608.

Flege, J. E.  (1995).  Second language speech learning: Theory, findings, and problems. In W. Strange (Ed.), Speech perception and linguistic experience:  Issues in cross-linguistic research (pp. 233-277).  Timonium, MD: York Press, Inc.

Flege, J. E. (1987b).  The production of “new” and “similar” phones in a foreign language: Evidence for the effect of equivalence classification.  Journal of Phonetics, 15, 47–65.

Flege, J. E., Bohn,  O.-S., & Jang, S.  (1997). Effects of experience on non-native speakers' production and perception of English vowels.  Journal of Phonetics, 25, 437-470.

Flege, J. E., & Davidian, R.  (1984).  Transfer and developmental processes in adult foreign language speech production.  Applied Psycholinguistics, 5, 323-347.

Flege, J. E.,  Frieda, E. M., & Nozawa, T.  (1997).  Amount of native language (L1) use affects the pronunciation of an L2.  Journal of Phonetics, 25, 2, 169-186.

Flege, J. E., Frieda E. M., Walley, A. C. & Randazza, L. A.  (1998).  Lexical factors and segmental accuracy in second language speech production. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 20, 155-187.

Flege, J. E., Munro, M. J., & Fox, R. A.  (1994).  Auditory and categorical effects on cross language vowel perception.  Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 95, 3623-3641.

Flege, J. E., Munro, M. J. & MacKay, I. R. (1995).  Effects of age of second language learning on the production of English consonants.  Speech Communication, 16, 1-26.

Flege, J. E., Takagi, N, & Mann, V.  (1996).  Lexical familiarity and English-language experience affect Japanese adults' perception of /r/ and /l/.  Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 99, 1161-1173.

Flores, B. C.  (1993). On the acquisition of English rhythm: Theoretical and practical issues. Lenguas Modernas, 20, 151-164.

Flores, B., & Rodrigues, X.  (1994).  The influence of language transfer on consonant cluster production.  Revista de Filologia y Linguistica de la Universidad de Costa Rica, 20, 99-112.

Gass, S. & Varonis, E.  (1984).  The effect on familiarity on the comprehensibility on nonnative speech.  Language Learning, 34, 65-89.

Gass, S. M., & Selinker, L.  (1994).  Second language acquisition:  An introductory course.  Hillsdale, NJ:  Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Gass, S. M., & Selinker, L. (Eds.).  (1983).  Language transfer in language learning.  Rowley, MA:  Newbury House.

Gatbonton, E.  (1978).  Patterned phonetic variability in  second-language speech:  A gradual diffusion model.  Canadian Modern Language Review, 34, 335-347.

Giannini, S., & Costamagma, L.  (1997).  Language learning strategies in interlanguage phonology of Italian as L2.  A case history: The acquisition of consonant length. In J. Leather & A. James, (Eds.), New sounds 97: Proceedings of the Third International Symposium on the Acquisition of Second-Language Speech (pp. 96-103).  Klagenfurt, Austria: University of Klagenfurt.

**Greenberg, J.  (1978).  Some generalizations concerning initial and final consonant clusters.  In J. Greenberg, C. Ferguson, & E. Moravcsik (Eds.), Universals of human language, Vol. 2 (pp. 243-279).  Stanford, CA:  Stanford University Press.

Gutierrez-Diaz, F. (2001). The acquisition of English syllable timing by native Spanish speakers learners of English.  An empirical study.  International Journal of English Studies, 1, (1),  93-113.

Hammarberg, B.  (1993).  The course of development in second language phonology acquisition: A natural path or strategic choice?  In K. Hyltenstam &  A. Viberg (Eds.), Progression and regression in language: Sociocultural, neuropsychological, and linguistic perspectives (pp. 439-462).  Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Hammarberg, B.  (1997).  Conditions on transfer in second language phonology acquisition.  In J. Leather & A. James (Eds.), Second language speech:  Structure and process (pp. 161-180). Berlin: Mouton de Gruter.

Hancin-Bhatt, B.  (1994).  Segment Transfer: A consequence of a dynamic system.  Second Language Research, 10, 241-269.

**Hancin-Bhatt, B. (2000).  Optimality in a second language phonology: codas in Thai ESL.  Second Language Research, 16, 201-232.

Hancin-Bhatt, B. & Bhatt, R. M.  (1997).  Optimal L2 syllables: Interactions of transfer and developmental effects. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 19, 331-378.

**Hansen, J. G. (2001).  Linguistic constraints on the acquisition of English syllable codas by native speakers of  Mandarin Chinese.  Applied Linguistics, 22, 338-365.

**Hansen, J. G. (2004). Developmental sequences in the acquisition of English L2 syllable codas: A preliminary study. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 26, 85-124.

Harris, J. (1983). Syllable structure and stress in Spanish:  A non-linear analysis. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.

Hawkins, R. (2001). The theoretical significance of Universal Grammar in second language acquisition. Second Language Research, 17, 345-367.

Hecht, B., & Mulford, R.  (1982).  The acquisition of a second-language phonology:  Interaction of transfer and developmental factors.  Applied Psycholinguistics, 3, 313-328.

**Hodne, B.  (1985).  Yet another look at interlanguage phonology:  The modification of English syllable structure by native speakers of Polish.  Language Learning, 35, 405-422.

Hodson, B. W., & Edwards, M. L.  (1997).  Perspectives in applied phonology . Gaithersburg, MD: Aspen Publishers.

Huebner, T.  (1991).  Second language acquisition: Litmus test for linguistic theory? In T. Huebner, & C. Ferguson (Eds.), Crosscurrents in second language acquisition and linguistic theories (pp. 3-22).  Amsterdam & Philadelphia: Benjamins.

Hyltenstam, K., & Viberg, A.  (Eds).  (1993).  Progression and regression in language: Sociocultural, neuropsychological, and linguistic perspectives.  Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Ioup, G., Boustangui, E., El Tigi, M., & Moselle, M.  (1994).  Reexamining the critical period hypothesis: A case study of successful adult SLA in a naturalistic environment.  Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 16, 73–98.

James, A. R.  (1986).  Suprasegmental phonology and segmental forms. Tübingen: M. Niemeyer.

James, A. R. (1988).  The acquisition of a second language phonology : A linguistic theory of developing sound structures.  Tübingen, Germany:  Gunter Narr Verlag Tübingen.

James, A. R.  (1996).  Second language phonology.  In Jordens, P., & Lalleman, J. (Eds.), Investigating second language acquisition (pp. 293-320).  Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.

Johansson, F. A.  (1973).  Immigrant Swedish phonology.  Lund, Sweden: Gleerup.

Juffs, A.  (1990). Tone, syllable structure and interlanguage phonology: Chinese learners' stress errors.  International Review of Applied Linguistics , 28, 99-117.

Kaltenbacher, E.  (1997).  German speech rhythm in L2 acquisition.   In J. Leather & A. James, (Eds.), New sounds 97: Proceedings of the Third International Symposium on the Acquisition of Second-Language Speech (pp. 158-166).  Klagenfurt, Austria: University of Klagenfurt.

Kassai, I.  (1990).  Socio-Psycholinguistic notes on foreign accent.  Acta Linguistica Hungarica, 40, 383-400.

Kellerman, E., & Sharwood Smith, M. (Eds.).   (1986).  Cross-linguistic influence in second language acquisition. New York:  Pergamon Press.

Komar, S.  (1997).  Perception and production of the fall-rise tone by Slovene students of English.  In J. Leather & A. James, (Eds.), New sounds 97: Proceedings of the Third International Symposium on the Acquisition of Second-Language Speech (pp. 176-185).  Klagenfurt, Austria: University of Klagenfurt.

Koster, C. J. & Koet, T.  (1993).  The evaluation of accent in the English of Dutchmen. Language Learning, 43, 69-92.

Krashen, S.  (1973).  Lateralization, language learning, and the critical period: Some new evidence.  Language Learning, 27, 93-107.

Lamendella, J.  (1977).  General principles of neurofunctional organization and their manifestation in primary and non-primary language acquisition.  Language Learning, 27,155-196.

Lakshmanan, U., & Selinker, L. (2001). Analyzing interlanguage: How we know what learners know. Second Language Research, 17, 393-420.

Leather, J.  (1983).  Speaker normalization in perception of lexical tone.  Journal of Phonetics, 11, 373-382.

Leather, J.  (1987).  F0 pattern inference in the perceptual acquisition of second language tone.  In A. James, & J. Leather (Eds),  Sound patterns in second language acquisition (pp. 59-80).  Dordrecht : Foris.

Leather, J.  (1991).  Interrelation of perception and production in initial learning of second-language lexical tone.  In Actes du XIIème Congrès International des Sciences Phonétiques (Vol 5, pp. 138-141).  Aix-en-Provence: Université de Provence.

Leather, J.  (1997).  Interrelation of perceptual and productive learning in the initial acquisition of second-language tone.  In A. James, & J. Leather (Eds.),  Second language speech: Structure and process (pp. 75-101).  Berlin/New York: Mouton de Gruter.

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Leather, J., & James, A.  (1996).  Second language speech.  In W. C. Ritchie, & T. K. Bhatia (Eds.), Handbook of second language acquisition (pp. 269-316).  San Diego: Academic Press.

Leather, J., & James, A.  (1997). New sounds 97: Proceedings of the Third International Symposium on the Acquisition of Second-Language Speech.  Klagenfurt, Austria: University of Klagenfurt.

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Long, M. H. (1990). Maturational constraints on language development. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 12, 251–285.

Major, R. C.  (1987a).  Phonological similarity, markedness, and rate of L2 acquisition. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 9, 63–82.

Major, R. C.  (1987b). A model for interlanguage phonology.  In G. Ioup & S. H. Weinberger (Eds.), Interlanguage phonology: The acquisition a second language sound system (pp. 101–125).  New York: Newbury House/Harper & Row.

Major, R. C.  (1987c).  The natural phonology of second language acquisition. In A. James & J. Leather (Eds.), Sound patterns in second language acquisition (pp. 207-224).  Dordrecht: Foris.

Major, R. C.  (1990).  Phonological universals in second language variation.  1990.  In H. Burmeister, & P. Rounds (Eds.), Proceedings of  the tenth meeting of the  Second Language Research Forum (pp. 473-488).  Eugene, OR: University of Oregon.

Major, R. C.  (1993).  Sociolinguistic factors in loss and acquisition of phonology.  In K. Hyltenstam &  A. Viberg (Eds.), Progression and regression in language: Sociocultural, neuropsychological, and linguistic perspectives (pp. 463-478).  Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Major, R. C.  (1994).  Chronological and stylistic aspects of second language acquisition of consonant clusters.  Language Learning, 44, 655-680.

Major, R. C.  (1995).  Native and nonnative phonological representations.  International Review of Applied Linguistics in Language Learning, 33, 143-161.

**Major, R. C.  (1996a).  Markedness in second language acquisition of consonant clusters.  In D. R. Preston & R. Bayley (Eds.), Variation Linguistics and Second Language Acquisition (pp. 75-96).  Amsterdam: Benjamins.

Major, R. (1996b). The similarity dissimilarity rate hypothesis and phonological acquisition of Korean speakers of English. Language Learning, 46, 465-496.

Major, R. C.  (1997a).  L2 acquisition, L1 loss and the Critical Period Hypothesis.  In A. James, & J. Leather (Eds.),  Second language speech: Structure and process (pp. 147-159).  Berlin/New York: Mouton de Gruter.

Major, R. C.  (1997b).  Further evidence for the Similarity Dissimilarity Rate Hypothesis. In J. Leather & A. James, (Eds.), New sounds 97: Proceedings of the Third International Symposium on the Acquisition of Second-Language Speech (pp. 215-222).  Klagenfurt, Austria: University of Klagenfurt.

Major, R. C.  (1998).  Interlanguage phonetics and phonology: An introduction. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 20, 131-137.

Major, R. C., & Faudree, M. C.  (1996).  Markedness universals and the acquisition of voicing contrasts in Korean speakers of English.  Studies in Second Language Acquisition,18, 69-90.

Major, R. C., & Kim, E.  (1996).  The Similarity Differential Rate Hypothesis.  Language Learning  46,  465-496.

Major, R. (2001).  Foreign Accent:  The Ontogeny and Phylogeny of Second Language Phonology.  Mahwah, NJ:  Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. 

Major, R. (2002).  The ontogeny and phylogeny of second language phonology. In A. James & J. Leather (Eds.), New Sounds 2000 (pp. 223-230).  Klagenfurt, Austria:  University of Klagenfurt.

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Munro, M. J., & Derwing, T.  (1994).  Evaluations of foreign accent in extemporaneous and read material. Language Testing, 11, 253-266.

Munro, M. J., & Derwing, T.  (1995a).  Foreign accent, comprehensibility, and intelligibility in the speech of second language learners.  Language Learning, 45, 173-97.

Munro, M. J. & Derwing, T.  (1995b).  Processing time, accent, and comprehensibility in the perception of native and foreign-accented speech.  Language and Speech, 38, 289-306.

Munro, M. J., & Derwing, T.  (1998).  The effects of speaking rate on listener evaluation of native and foreign accented-speech.  Language Learning, 48, 159-182.

Munro, M. J., Flege, J. E., & MacKay, I. R.  (1996).  The Effects of age of second language learning on the production of English vowels.  Applied Psycholinguistics; 17, 313-334.

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Nemser, W.  (1971a).  Approximative systems of foreign learners. International Review of Applied Linguistics, 9, 115-124.

Nemser, W.  (1971b).  An experimental study of phonological interference in the English of Hungarians.  Bloomington:  Indiana University Press.

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Petrenko, A. D.  (1989).  Stylistic variants of pronunciation in second language instruction/Stilistische Varianten der Aussprache im Fremdsprachenunterricht.  Deutsch als Fremdsprache, 26, 267-272.

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Riney, T. & Takagi, N.  (1999).  Global foreign accent and voice onset time in Japanese EFL learners.  Language Learning, 49, 275-302.

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**Sato, C.  (1984).  Phonological processes in second language acquisition: Another look at interlanguage syllable structure.  Language Learning, 34, 43-57

Sato, C. J.  (1985).  Task variation in interlanguage phonology.  In S. M. Gass & C. G. Madden (Eds.), Input in second language acquisition (pp. 181-196).  Rowley, MA: Newbury House.

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Tahta, S., Wood, M., & Loewenthal, K.  (1981b).  Foreign accents: Factors relating to transfer of accent from the first language to a second language.  Language and Speech, 24, 265-272.

**Tarone, E. (1980). Some influences on the syllable structure of interlanguage phonology. International Review of Applied Linguistics, 18, 139-152.

Tarone, E.  (1982).  Systematicity and attention in interlanguage.  Language Learning, 29, 181-191.

Tarone, E.  (1983).  On the variability of interlanguage systems.  Applied Linguistics, 4, 142-164.

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**Tropf, H. (1987). Sonority as a variability factor in second language phonology. In A. James & J. Leather (Eds.), Sound patterns in second language acquisition (pp. 173-191). Providence, RI: Foris Publications.

**Vennemann, T. (1988). Preference laws for syllable structure and the explanation of sound change.  New York: Mouton de Gruyter.

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**Weinberger, S. H.  (1987).  The influence of linguistic context on syllable simplification. In G. Ioup & S. H. Weinberger (Eds.), Interlanguage phonology: The acquisition a second language sound system (pp. 401-417).  New York: Newbury House/Harper & Row.

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The items above marked with '**' are especially for the section on syllable structure universals.

Syllabus for seminar