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History
102: European Nationalism, Part II Unification
of Italy and Germany Main
Underlying Causes 1.
Spread
of nationalism 2.
Revolutions
of 1848: liberalism and nationalism part ways 3.
Defeat
of Russia in Crimean War 4.
Isolation
of Austria 5.
Re-emergence
of France under Napoleon III Italy becomes Italy (the Italian
state) Giuseppe Mazzini (1805-1872) Revolutionary
democrat Republican Land question Giuseppe Garibaldi (1807-1882) Republican Revolutionary Military leader guerilla
fighter Land question Count Camillo Benso di Cavour
(1810-1861) Sardinian
nobleman Prime minister
of Sardinia-Piedmont King Victor
Emmanuel II (1849-1861) Conservative Ambitious Pragmatic Napoleon III, Emperor of France Nephew of
Napoleon Re-emerging
French Empire Sounded
democratic Believed in
personal rule and a centralized state Made a deal
with Cavour: France promised
Nice and Savoy (from Piedmont) Sardinia
promised Lombardy and Venetia (from Austria) Massimo
d'Azeglio First
speaker of the new Italian Parliament: We
have made Italy, now we must make Italians! Unification of Germany, 1864-1871 Otto von Bismarck (1815-1898) Junker Brilliant
diplomat Blood and iron Not revolution 1862 became
Minister-President William I, King
of Prussia (r. 1861-1888) Schleswig-Holstein
(1864) Austro-Prussian
war of 1866 The Seven Weeks
War Franco-Prussian War of 1870-71 Leopold von Hohenzollern Paris Commune January 18,
1871: Second German Empire (Reich) declared in the Palace of
Versailles, Hall of Mirrors |