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History 102: The
Great War, 1914-1918: ·
Schlieffen
Plan, August 1914 ·
Why
did the Schlieffen Plan fail? o
Belgium §
Liege §
Namur o
British
Expeditionary Force (BEF) o
Advanced
too quickly for soldiers and supply lines o
Eastern
Front drew troops ·
First
Battle of the Marne, 6-12 September 1914 ·
French
General Joffre ·
German
General von Moltke ·
“Race
to the sea” ·
Trench
Warfare o
machine guns o
rapid-firing
artillery o
Foxholes o
Trenches o
Muck o
Rats o
Poison
gas o
The
Offensive o
‘softening
up’ o
‘over the top’ ·
Battle
of Verdun, February-July
1916 o
German
General Erich von Falkenhayn o
Bleed
France white o
French
General Henri Pétain o
337,000
German soldiers lost o
377,000
French soldiers lost o
French
“won” ·
First
Battle of the Somme, July 1–November
13, 1916 o
60,000
casualties on the first day o
Battle
of the Somme o
420,000
British casualties o
200,000
French casualties o
About
500,000 German casualties o
British
and French gained 12 kilometers Total
War ·
Lack of clear and achievable war
aims ·
No
sacrifice too great (as opposed to limited war) ·
Home Front ·
Whole
societies mobilized for war ·
Armaments
and uniform production ·
Women
involved more in factory production, took over men’s jobs ·
Recruited
men ·
Also
joined armies ·
Germany o
Walter
Rathenau o
War
Raw Materials Board ·
Russia o
Military-Industrial
Committee ·
Created
great divisions o
Home
Front versus Front lines o
Men
versus women o
Rank
and File versus Command |