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Revolutions in the Romanov Empire 1917-1921 Russia before WWI
o
urban society
versus ruling elite o
working class
versus all elites o
City versus
countryside
o
Overpopulation o
land poor
Russia
during the war
o
Soldiers
radicalized o
Increasingly
refused to fight
o
impoverished (food
and clothing supply)
o
Tsarina Aleksandr o
Rasputin February
(1917) Revolution
o
workers o
Soldiers o
Radical left
parties: §
Bolsheviks §
Mensheviks §
Socialist
Revolutionaries (SRs)
o
Middle classes,
urban dwellers o
Liberal democratic
parties o
Prince L’vov o
Aleksandr Kerensky o
Mistakes: §
Continued the war
effort §
Refused to give
land to peasants §
Failed to solve
food supply problem Peasant Revolutions
o
Land o
Forest
October
(1917) Revolution
o
V.I. Lenin o
L. Trotsky o
Marxists o
Tightly organized o
Led and followed
the masses
o
“Bread, Peace,
Land!” o
“All Power to the
Soviets!” Civil
War, 1918-1921
Why did the Bolsheviks
win?
Whites
Nationalists
Peasants
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