The COLD WAR, 1945-1991
Part I, 1945-1964

Causes of the Cold War:

1. Sovietization, 1944-48
1. Stalin’s security concerns
2. Ideological goals
2. Truman doctrine, 1947->
1. Containment
2. Marshall plan (European Recovery Program): Total: $13.3 billion

Berlin Blockade and Airlift, 1948-49

•Western Allies (USA, GB, France) united their occupation zones

•June 1948: New German mark introduced

•Stalin ordered blockade of roads and rails

•US and GB created airlift:

•To May 1949: 278,228 flights

•2,326,406 tons of food, coal, other necessities

1949: Communism spreading

•Soviets removed opposition in eastern Europe

•Soviets exploded first atomic bomb

•Chinese revolution

•NATO founded, 1949 to present

Korean War, 1950-53

•Two rival governments:

•North: Soviet-supported Kim Il Sung’s communist government

•South: US-supported anti-communist, autocrat Syngman Rhee

•United Nations resolved to allow a US-led “police action”

•40,000 UN forces killed (mostly US)

•1.2 million Koreans killed

•One million Chinese killed

THE SOVIET BLOC

The Soviet Bloc, not monolithic

•Josip Broz a.k.a. TITO (r. 1945-1980)

•Yugoslavia

•Non-alignment

1953: Stalin died

Nikita Khrushchev (r. 1953-64)

•1956: 20th CPSU Congress

§Secret Speech

•De-Stalinization, 1956-64

•Warsaw Pact formed, 1955

•Sino-Soviet split (1960)

•Cuban Missile Crisis