Exam I Quick Study Outline:  (Take a look at the bottom the photosynthesis material has been added)

 

 

Isopod Laboratory – Scientific method

 

1.  Be able to identify the components of an experiment: independent variable, dependent variable, and variables that are kept constant during the experiment.

 

2.  Be able to identify the observation, hypothesis, prediction, experiment, and conclusions of the scientific method.

 

Lecture 1 –  Introduction to Science and Biology

 

3.  Know the four characteristics of life

 

4.  Know the characteristics of three of the kingdoms of living things:  animals, plants, and protista

 

 

Lecture 2 – Cells

 

Cells and Microscope Lab

 

5.  know the relationship between magnification and the field of view for a light microscope and also the relationship between the magnification and depth of field. 

 

6.  know the relative size of objects each type of microscope is used to view: dissecting microscope, compound light microscope, and an electron microscope. 

 

7.  Know the structure and function of the nucleus and the following cell organelles: ribosome, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi body, lysosome, chloroplast, mitochondrion, and vacuole.  Also know which are present in plants and autotrophic protists and animal cells.

 

8.  Know the distinguishing characteristics between the prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

 

9.  know the unique characteristics of the plasma membrane; know how the membrane is semi-permeable. 

 

10.  Know the 4 principals of the cell theory

 

               

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

                               

 

 

Chapter 3 - The Molecules of Life

 

11.  Be able to distinguish between organic molecules and inorganic molecules.

12.  Know the functions of the four types of organic molecules within biological systems and be able to  give examples of carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins. 

13.  Know what is required to link sub-units (monomer) together to form polymers

                               Dehydration synthesis = making a polymer

                               Hydrolysis = breaking down a polymer

 

 

14.  Know the difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids.

 

15.  Define primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary structure of proteins and relate the

structures to protein function.

 

Lecture 4 –

 

Chapter 2 – Essential chemistry for Biology

 

 

16.  Given the atomic number of an element you should be able to know if the elements will for a chemical bond and the number of bonds it will form.    

 

17.  Know the characteristics of ionic and covalent chemical bonds:  electrons involved, bond strength and an example of compounds with each type of bond.

 

18.  Know the structure of water (know how the elements are oriented to each other), and know how this shape makes water a polar molecule.  You should be able to predict whether a molecule will be soluble in water.

 

19.  Know the four life-supporting properties of water (due to its polarity and H-bonds) , and give an example of how each property affects some form of life.

 

20.  Know the difference between acids and bases and be able to give examples of both.

 

21.  Know how a buffer stabilizes the pH of acidic and basic solutions and be able to give a biological example of a buffered system.

 

 

Photosynthesis 

 

  Photosynthesis Lab (The graph and statistical significance will not be on the exam).

 

  1.  Know that the different pigments present in a chloroplast absorb different wavelengths of light.

 

  1. Be able to compare an unknown pigment with an Rf value to a know list and use this comparison to identify the pigment.

 

  1. Know the reason for using an Rf Value rather than just the distance a pigment is carried by the solvent.

 

25.  Know the reason red algae are able to produce more Oxygen from photosynthesis than green algae using a green wavelength of light.

 

 

Lecture Material

 

 

  1. Know that photosynthetic pigments are able to absorb different wavelengths of the visible spectrum (Red, Orange, Yellow, Green, Blue, Indigo, and Violet).
  2. Know that the color of the pigment is a result of the wavelengths of light the pigment does not absorb but instead reflects away; therefore the reflected light is not utilized for photosynthesis. 

 

26. Know what water is used for in the process of photosynthesis

 

27. Know that there are two different sets of reactions in the process of photosynthesis: light dependent and light independent.

 

28. Know the reactants and products of the light dependent reactions

 

29. Know the reactants of the light dependent reactions

 

30. Know why the light dependent reaction requires products from the light dependent reactions.

 

31. Know why ATP is important in the process of photosynthesis