CONTRACEPTION CHOICES |
METHOD |
ADVANTAGES |
DISADVANTAGES |
PERCENT EFFECTIVE |
COST |
| Abstinence |
· No health risks
|
· Possible sexual frustration
|
· 100%
|
· N/A
|
| Tubal Ligation |
· Permanent female contraception
|
· Surgical Procedure
· Not effective against STD
· Not available at CSUB SHC
|
· 99 %
|
· $1K-5K
|
| Vasectomy |
· Permanent male
contraception
|
· Surgical Procedure
· Not effective against STD
· Not available at CSUB SHC
|
· 99%
|
· $240-700
|
| Subdermal
Implants (Norplant) |
· Continuous contraception <5
years
· Removal of implant
discontinues contraception
|
· In-office surgical procedure
· Possible side effects:
menstrual irregularities, scarring, discoloration @ site
· Not effective against STD
· Not available at CSUB SHC
|
· 99%
|
· $500-600 for insertion
· $100-200 for removal
|
| DMPA (DepoProvera) |
· Continuous contraception <3
months
· Available at CSUB SHC
|
· Injection required every 3 mo.
· Return to fertility
delayed
· Possible side effects;
e.g. irregular cycles, weight gain, amenorrhea
· Not effective against STD
|
· 99%
|
· $40-75 per injection
· Plus initial exam
|
| Lunelle (Monthly
contraceptive injection - New 2001) |
· Continuous contraception <1
month
· Regular
cycles
· Available at CSUB SHC |
· Injection
required every month · Return to fertility
delayed
· Possible side effects;
e.g. nausea, weight gain,
· Not effective against STD
· Risk of blood clots, heart
attack, stroke increases in smokers over 35 years old
|
·
99% effective |
· $20 per injection
· Plus initial exam
|
| Birth Control Pills |
· Continuous contraception when
taken correctly
· Fertility returns when
pills are discontinued
· Some non- contraceptive
benefits
· Available at CSUB SHC
|
· Available by prescription only
· Must be taken daily
· Risk of blood clots, heart
attack, stroke increases in smokers over 35 years old
· Possible side effects:
nausea, vomiting and weight gain
· Not effective against STD
|
· 97-99%
|
· $5-30 per month
· Plus initial exam
|
| Intrauterine
Device (IUD) |
· Continuous contraception <10
years
|
· May be expelled or perforate
uterus
· Increases pelvic
inflammatory disease risk
· Possible uterine cramping/
bleeding
· Not effective against STD
· Not available at CSUB SHC
|
· 97-99%
|
· $150-300
|
| Diaphragm (with
spermicide) |
· May insert up to 2 hours before
intercourse
· Reusable
· Available at CSUB SHC
|
· Available by prescription only
· Increases risk of urinary
tract infection
· Must leave in 6-8 hours
after intercourse
· Not effective against STD
|
· 82-94%
|
· $24 and up
· Plus initial exam
|
| Condom |
· Easily obtained
· STD protection
|
· Decreased sensation
· Less spontaneity
· Possible breakage or
slippage
· Use required from male
partner
|
· 75-97%
|
· $0.25 each and up
· Free at some clinics
|
| Female Condom |
· Easily obtained
· Erection not necessary to
keep in place
· STD protection
|
· May be irritating to body tissues
· May slip into vagina
during intercourse
· Sometimes makes noise
· Possibly difficult
insertion
|
· 74-94%
|
· $2 each and up
|
| Periodic Abstinence |
· No chemicals or hormones needed
|
· Requires careful planning and
motivation
· Prohibits intercourse up
to half the menstrual cycle
· Not for women with
irregular cycles
· Not effective against STD
|
· 77-84%
|
· $5-8 for temperature kit
|
| Spermicide (foams,
gels, creams) |
· Easily obtained
|
· Insertion necessary within half
hour of intercourse
· May be messy
· Reapplication necessary
for repeated intercourse
|
· 79-94%
|
· $4-15 each
|
| Contraceptive Sponge |
· Insertion up to 24 hours before
intercourse
· No need for reapplication
of spermicide for repeated intercourse
|
· Available fall of 1999
· Can cause dryness
· Not effective against STD
|
· 64-91%
|
· $2 each
|
| Withdrawal |
· No supplies needed
|
· Sperm may leak before ejaculation
· Requires control of
ejaculation
· Not effective against STD
|
· 72-81%
|
· N/A
|
| Emergency Hormonal
Contraception |
· Can prevent pregnancy up to 72
hours after unprotected intercourse
· Available at CSUB SHC
|
· Possible side effects: nausea,
vomiting, cramping
|
· 75-95%
|
· $5 and up
|
| Emergency IUD
insertion |
· Can be inserted up to 5 days
after unprotected intercourse
|
· Same as IUD
|
· Same as IUD
|
· Same as IUD
|
| No Method |
· No planning needed
|
· High pregnancy risk: 85% will
become pregnant in one year
|
· 15%
|
· N/A
|
| CALIFORNIA STATE UNIVERSITY
BAKERSFIELD, Student Health Center 9001 Stockdale Highway, Bakersfield, CA 93311 (661)
654-2394
ed
8/05 |