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| Class | Formula | Substituent Prefix | Principal Name Suffix |
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| Cations | -onio | -onium | |
| -onia | -onium |
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| Carboxylic acid | -COOH | Carboxy | -carboxylic acid |
| -(C)OOH | - | -oic acid |
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| Sulfonic acid | -SO3H | Sulfo | -sulfonic acid |
| Salts of | -COOM | - | Metal...carboxylate |
| carboxylic acids | -(C)OOR | - | Metal...oate |
| Acid anhydrides | -CO-O-COR | - | R...carboxylic anhydride |
| -(C)O-O-COR | - | R...oic anhydride | |
| Esters | -COOR | R-oxycarbonyl | R...carboxylate |
| -(C)OOR | - | R...oate |
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| Acid halides | -CO-Halogen | Haloformil | -carbonyl halide |
| -(C)O-Halogen | - | -oyl halide |
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| Amides | -CO-NH2 | Carbamoyl | -carboxamide |
| -(C)O-NH2 | - | -amide |
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| Amidines | -C(=NH)-NH2 | Amidino | -carboxamidine |
| -(C)(=NH)-NH2 | - | -amidine |
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| Nitriles | -CN | Cyano | -carbonitrile |
| -(C)N | - | -nitrile |
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| Aldehydes | -CHO | Formyl | -carbaldehyde |
| -(C)HO | Oxo | -al |
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| Ketones | >(C)=O | Oxo | -one |
| Alcohols | -OH | Hydroxy | -ol |
| Phenols | -OH | Hydroxy | -ol |
| Thiols | -SH | Mercapto | -thiol |
| Hydroperoxides | -O-OH | Hydroperoxy | - |
| Amines | -NH2 | Amino | amine |
| Imines | =NH | Imino | -imine |
| Ethers | -OR | R-oxy | ether (non-IUPAC) |
| Peroxides | -O-OR | R-dioxy | peroxide (non-IUPAC) |
| Sulfone | -SO2-R | R-sulfonyl | sulfone (non-IUPAC) |
| Sulfoxide | -SO-R | R-sulfinyl | sulfoxide (non-IUPAC) |
| Sulfide | -SR | R-thio | sulfide (non-IUPAC) |
| Alkyl Halide | -F, -Cl, -Br, -I | fluoro-, chloro-, bromo-, iodo- | fluoride, chloride, bromide, iodide (non-IUPAC) |
| Azide | -N3 | Azido | -azide (non-IUPAC) |
Adapted from Sections A, B and C of IUPAC "Blue Book," Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry, Sections A, B, C, D, E, F, and H, Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1979. Copyright 1979 IUPAC.