CONTRACEPTION CHOICES |
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METHOD |
ADVANTAGES |
DISADVANTAGES |
PERCENT EFFECTIVE |
COST |
| Abstinence |
· No health risks |
· Possible sexual frustration |
· 100% |
· N/A |
| Tubal Ligation |
· Permanent female contraception |
· Surgical Procedure · Not effective against STD · Not available at CSUB SHC |
· 99 % |
· $1K-5K
|
| Vasectomy |
· Permanent male contraception |
· Surgical Procedure · Not effective against STD · Not available at CSUB SHC |
· 99% |
· $240-700 |
| Subdermal
Implants (Norplant) |
· Continuous contraception <5 years · Removal of implant discontinues contraception |
· In-office surgical procedure · Possible side effects: menstrual irregularities, scarring, discoloration @ site · Not effective against STD · Not available at CSUB SHC |
· 99% |
· $500-600 for insertion · $100-200 for removal |
| DMPA (DepoProvera) |
· Continuous contraception <3 months · Available at CSUB SHC |
· Injection required every 3 mo. · Return to fertility delayed · Possible side effects; e.g. irregular cycles, weight gain, amenorrhea · Not effective against STD |
· 99% |
· $40-75 per injection · Plus initial exam |
| Lunelle (Monthly contraceptive injection - New 2001) |
· Continuous contraception <1 month · Regular cycles · Available at CSUB SHC |
· Injection
required every month · Return to fertility delayed · Possible side effects; e.g. nausea, weight gain, · Not effective against STD · Risk of blood clots, heart attack, stroke increases in smokers over 35 years old
|
· 99% effective |
· $20 per injection · Plus initial exam
|
| Birth Control Pills |
· Continuous contraception when taken correctly · Fertility returns when pills are discontinued · Some non- contraceptive benefits · Available at CSUB SHC |
· Available by prescription only · Must be taken daily · Risk of blood clots, heart attack, stroke increases in smokers over 35 years old · Possible side effects: nausea, vomiting and weight gain · Not effective against STD |
· 97-99% |
· $5-30 per month · Plus initial exam |
| Intrauterine
Device (IUD) |
· Continuous contraception <10 years |
· May be expelled or perforate uterus · Increases pelvic inflammatory disease risk · Possible uterine cramping/ bleeding · Not effective against STD · Not available at CSUB SHC |
· 97-99% |
· $150-300 |
| Diaphragm (with spermicide) |
· May insert up to 2 hours before intercourse · Reusable · Available at CSUB SHC |
· Available by prescription only · Increases risk of urinary tract infection · Must leave in 6-8 hours after intercourse · Not effective against STD |
· 82-94% |
· $24 and up · Plus initial exam |
| Condom |
· Easily obtained · STD protection |
· Decreased sensation · Less spontaneity · Possible breakage or slippage · Use required from male partner |
· 75-97% |
· $0.25 each and up · Free at some clinics |
| Female Condom |
· Easily obtained · Erection not necessary to keep in place · STD protection |
· May be irritating to body tissues · May slip into vagina during intercourse · Sometimes makes noise · Possibly difficult insertion |
· 74-94% |
· $2 each and up |
| Periodic Abstinence |
· No chemicals or hormones needed |
· Requires careful planning and motivation · Prohibits intercourse up to half the menstrual cycle · Not for women with irregular cycles · Not effective against STD |
· 77-84% |
· $5-8 for temperature kit |
| Spermicide (foams, gels, creams) |
· Easily obtained |
· Insertion necessary within half hour of intercourse · May be messy · Reapplication necessary for repeated intercourse |
· 79-94% |
· $4-15 each |
| Contraceptive Sponge |
· Insertion up to 24 hours before intercourse · No need for reapplication of spermicide for repeated intercourse |
· Available fall of 1999 · Can cause dryness · Not effective against STD |
· 64-91% |
· $2 each |
| Withdrawal |
· No supplies needed |
· Sperm may leak before ejaculation · Requires control of ejaculation · Not effective against STD |
· 72-81% |
· N/A |
| Emergency Hormonal Contraception |
· Can prevent pregnancy up to 72 hours after unprotected intercourse · Available at CSUB SHC |
· Possible side effects: nausea, vomiting, cramping |
· 75-95% |
· $5 and up |
| Emergency IUD insertion |
· Can be inserted up to 5 days after unprotected intercourse |
· Same as IUD |
· Same as IUD |
· Same as IUD |
| No Method |
· No planning needed |
· High pregnancy risk: 85% will become pregnant in one year |
· 15% |
· N/A |
|
CALIFORNIA STATE UNIVERSITY
BAKERSFIELD, Student Health Center 9001 Stockdale Highway, Bakersfield, CA 93311 (661)
654-2394
ed
8/05 |
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